PENGARUH JENIS KELAMIN DAN UMUR POTONG TERHADAP PERSENTASE NON KARKAS EDIBEL DAN LEMAK ABDOMINAL AYAM MERAWANG

ATHALLAH Y P, Dr. Ir. Rio Olympias Sujarwanta, S.Pt., M.Sc., IPM ; Ir. Edi Suryanto, M.Sc., Ph.D., IPU., ASEAN Eng.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis kelamin dan umur potong terhadap persentase non karkas dan lemak abdominal ayam Merawang. Penelitian ini menggunakan ayam jantan dan betina masing-masing 4 ekor berumur 10, 14, 18, dan 22 minggu. Ayam dipelihara di Semanu, Gunungkidul, dan dilakukan pemotongan sebulan sekali pada setiap umur untuk mendapatkan non karkas dan lemak abdominal. Variabel yang diamati meliputi hati, jantung, ampela, ceker, dan lemak abdominal. Data dianalisis menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 2x4 (jenis kelamin dan umur potong), lalu dilanjutkan uji Duncans New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada variabel yang berbeda nyata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis kelamin mempengaruhi (P<0,05) persentase hati, jantung, ampela, ceker, dan lemak abdominal. Persentase giblet ayam jantan berurutan yakni 1,63 dengan standar deviasi 0,25% , 0,54 dengan standar deviasi 0,62%, dan 1,96 dengan standar deviasi 0,40%, dan ayam betina yakni 1,85 dengan standar deviasi 0,32%, 0,46 dengan standar deviasi 0,42%, dan 2,13 dengan standar deviasi 0,49%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan umur potong mempengaruhi (P<0,05) persentase hati, jantung, ampela, ceker, dan lemak abdominal. Persentase hati umur 10, 14, 18, dan 22 minggu berurutan yakni 2,05 dengan standar deviasi 0,28%, 1,91 dengan standar deviasi 0,07%, 1,54 dengan standar deviasi 0,16%, dan 1,46 dengan standar deviasi 0,15%, jantung 0,54 dengan standar deviasi 0,56%, 0,50 dengan standar deviasi 0,35%, 0,49 dengan standar deviasi 0,76%, dan 0,47 dengan standar deviasi 0,76%, dan ampela 2,53 dengan standar deviasi 0,18%, 2,32 dengan standar deviasi 0,21%, 1,81 dengan standar deviasi 0,23%, dan 1,51 dengan 0,15%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa persentase jantung dan ceker ayam jantan lebih tinggi dibandingkan betina. Persentase hati, ampela, dan lemak abdominal ayam betina lebih tinggi dibandingkan jantan. Persentase lemak abdominal mengalami kenaikan, sedangkan giblet dan ceker mengalami penurunan tiap penambahan umur. Terdapat interaksi antara jenis kelamin dan umur potong terhadap persentase ceker dan lemak abdominal ayam Merawang.

This study aimed to determine the effect of sex and slaughter ages on the percentage of non carcass and abdominal fat of Merawang chicken. This study was used 4 male and female chickens aged 10, 14, 18, and 22 weeks. Chickens were reared in Semanu, Gunungkidul, and slaughtered once a month at each age to obtained non carcass and abdominal fat. The variables observed included liver, heart, gizzard, shank, and abdominal fat. Data were analyzed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with a 2x4 factorial pattern (sex and slaughter ages), then continued with Duncans New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) on significantly different variables. The results showed that sex affected (P<0.05) the percentage of giblet, shank, and abdominal fat. The percentages giblets for male chicken were 1.63 with standard deviation 0.25%, 0.54 with standard deviation 0.62%, and 1.96 with standard deviation 0.40%, and for female chicken were 1.85 with standard deviation 0.32%, 0.46 with standard deviation 0.42%, and 2.13 with standard deviation 0.49%. The results showed that slaughter ages affected (P<0.05) the percentage of giblet, shank, and abdominal fat. The percentages of liver aged 10, 14, 18, and 22 weeks respectively were 2.05 with standard deviation 0.28%, 1.91 with standard deviation 0.07%, 1.54 with standard deviation 0.16%, and 1.46 with standard deviation 0.15%, heart 0.54 with standard deviation 0.56%, 0.50 with standard deviation 0.35%, 0.49 with standard deviation 0.76%, and 0.47 with standard deviation 0.76%, and gizzard 2.53 with standard deviation 0.18%, 2.32 with standard deviation 0.21%, 1.81 with standard deviation 0.23%, and 1.51 with standard deviation 0.15%. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the percentage heart and shank of male chicken was higher than that of a female. The percentage of liver, gizzard, and abdominal fat of female chickens was higher than that of males. The percentage of abdominal fat increased, while the giblets and shank decreased with each increased in age. There was an interaction between sex and slaughter ages on the percentage of shank and abdominal fat on Merawang chicken.

Kata Kunci : Ayam merawang, Jenis kelamin, Umur potong, Persentase non karkas, Lemak abdominal.