Pengaruh Nanoemulsi Ekstrak Rimpang Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) Terhadap Kadar Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Kreatinin dan Histopatologi Ginjal Ayam Broiler

JIHAN KAAMILLIA S, drh. Anggi Muhtar Pratama, M.Sc

2022 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Nanoemulsi ekstrak rimpang temulawak diyakini dapat menjadi alternatif feed additive alami pengganti antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) pada ayam broiler, akan tetapi efek pemberiannya terhadap kadar Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), kreatinin, dan organ ginjal ayam broiler belum banyak diketahui. Ekstraksi rimpang temulawak dilakukan menggunakan metode maserasi, kemudian pembuatan nanoemulsi dilakukan menggunakan metode homogenisasi. Pengujian in vivo menggunakan 72 Day Old Chick (DOC) broiler strain Lohman yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu tanpa perlakuan, pemberian colistin 50 mg/L, pemberian nanoemulsi ekstrak rimpang temulawak (NT) 2 mg/kg berat badan (BB) dan pemberian NT 4 mg/kg BB. Pada hari ke 35 dilakukan pengambilan darah untuk pengujian kadar BUN dan kreatinin menggunakan kit Diasys,dilanjutkan nekropsi untuk pengambilan ginjal untuk pembuatan preparat histopatologi. Data kuantitatif BUN dan kreatinin dianalisis menggunakan SPSS metode One-Way ANOVA. Data histopatologi dianalisis secara deskriptif dan semikuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi kenaikan kadar BUN pada seluruh kelompok perlakuan yang melebihi standar normal. Kadar kreatinin seluruh kelompok perlakuan mengalami kenaikan tetapi masih dalam batas normal. Pengamatan histopatotologi ginjal menunjukkan tidak terjadi perubahan kecuali pada kelompok tanpa perlakuan yang mengalami glomerulonefritis. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu pemberian nanoemulsi ekstrak rimpang temulawak tidak menyebabkan kerusakan pada ginjal ayam broiler.

Temulawak rhizome extract nanoemulsion is believed to be an alternative feed additive to replace Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP) in broiler chickens, but the effect of its administration on Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and kidneys organs in broiler chickens is not well known. Temulawak rhizome extraction uses maceration method, manufacture of nanoemulsions uses homogenization method. Particles and Zeta potential of nanoemulsion were measured using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) method. A total of 72 Day Old Chick (DOC) broiler strains Lohman were divided into 4 groups, namely no treatment, administration of colistin 50 mg/L, administration of 2 mg/kg BW temulawak rhizome extract nanoemulsion (NT) and administration of 4 mg/kg BW NT. On day 35, blood samples were taken to test BUN and creatinine levels using Diasys kit, then necropsied for kidney collection for histopathological preparations. Quantitative data (BUN, creatinine) were analyzed using SPSS One-Way ANOVA. Histopathological data were analyzed descriptively and semi-quantitatively. There was an increase in BUN levels in all treatment groups that exceeded normal standards. Creatinine levels in all treatment groups increased but still within normal standart. Histopathological observations of kidneys showed no changes except in untreated group who had glomerulonephritis. It can be concluded that administration of temulawak rhizome extract nanoemulsion did not cause damage to kidneys of broiler.

Kata Kunci : Ayam broiler, BUN, ginjal, kreatinin, temulawak