Pengaruh Jenis Kelamin dan Umur Potong terhadap Karakteristik Karkas Ayam Merawang

RIONALDI ALJIANSYAH, Ir. Edi Suryanto, M.Sc., Ph.D., IPU., ASEAN Eng. ; Dr. Ir. Rio Olympias Sujarwanta, S.Pt., M.Sc., IPM.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis kelamin dan umur pemotongan terhadap karakteristik karkas ayam Merawang. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 ekor ayam Merawang jantan dan 20 ekor ayam betina berumur 10, 14, 18 dan 22 minggu. Ayam tersebut sebelumnya dipelihara di Semanu, Gunungkidul. Pemotongan dilakukan dengan metode halal kemudian dilanjutkan sampai tahap parting. Pengamatan karakteristik karkas meliputi bobot karkas, persentase karkas serta persentase komposisi karkas yang meliputi dada, paha atas, paha bawah, sayap dan punggung. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis variansi pola faktorial 2x4 (jenis kelamin dan umur potong). Apabila data hasil analisis signifikan (P<0,05) akan diuji lebih lanjut dengan uji Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) menggunakan software personal komputer Statistical Package for Social Science (SPPS) versi 25.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata persentase karkas ayam Merawang jantan dan betina yaitu 61,73 standar deviasi 2,04% dan 59,40 standar deviasi 2,49%. Rerata persentase karkas ayam Merawang pada berbagai umur adalah 58,03 standar deviasi 2,15%, 61,08 standar deviasi 2.01%, 61,49 standar deviasi 1,73%, dan 61,66 standar deviasi 2,55%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis kelamin berpengaruh terhadap bobot karkas, persentase karkas dan komposisi karkas ayam Merawang (P<0,05) kecuali bagian sayap dan punggung. Umur potong berpengaruh terhadap bobot karkas, persentase karkas dan komposisi karkas ayam Merawang (P<0,05) kecuali bagian paha atas dan paha bawah. Berdasarkan penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ayam Merawang jantan memiliki bobot karkas, persentase karkas, bagian paha atas dan paha bawah lebih tinggi dibandingkan betina. Ayam betina memiliki persentase dada lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan jantan. Bobot karkas, persentase karkas dan persentase bagian punggung semakin meningkat tiap pertambahan umur. Terdapat interaksi antara jenis kelamin dan umur potong terhadap persentase bagian paha bawah.

This study aimed to determine the effect of sex and slaughter ages on carcass percentage and carcass composition of Merawang chickens. This study used 20 male Merawang chickens and 20 female chickens aged 10,14,18 and 22 weeks. The chicken was previously raised in Semanu, Gunungkidul. Slaughter was carried out with halal method and then proceed to the parting stage. Observation of carcass characteristics included carcass weight, percentage of carcass and the composition of the parts of the carcass including breast, upper thighs, lower thighs, wings and back. Analysis of the data obtained using 2x4 factorial pattern of variance analysis (sex and slaughter ages). If the data from the analysis was significant, it will be tested further with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) using personal computer software Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0. The results showed the average percentage of male and female Merawang chicken carcasses were 61.73 standard deviation 2.04% and 59.40 standard deviation 2.49%. The average percentage of Merawang chicken carcass at various ages was 58.03 standard deviation 2.15%, 61.08 standard deviation 2.01%, 61.49standard deviation 1.73%, and 61.66 standard deviation 2.55%. The results showed that sex had an effect on the carcass weight, percentage of carcass and carcass composition of Merawang chicken (P<0.05) except for the wings and back. Slaughter ages had an effect on the carcass weight, percentage of carcass and carcass composition of Merawang chicken (P<0.05) except upper thighs and lower thigs. Based on the results of study, it can be concluded that male Merawang chickens had higher carcass weight, carcass percentage, and the percentage of upper thighs and lower thighs than females. Hens had a higher breast percentage than males. Carcass weight, carcass percentage and back percentage increased with each age increase. There was an interaction between sex and slaughter ages on the percentage of carcass composition of Merawang chicken in the lower thighs.

Kata Kunci : Ayam Merawang, Karkas, Jenis kelamin, Umur potong