Papua's Issue Securitization during the First Term of Joko Widodo's Presidency (2014-2019)

FAIZ RAFIZA AHMADANI, Dr. Siti Muti'ah Setiawati , M.A.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

There has been a paradigm shift from 'peaceful' development in the early Joko Widodo's (Jokowi) first term in contrast to a more 'securitized' approach during his later term. In his campaign for the 2014 Indonesian presidential election, he has made promises to prioritize Papua's issue by pursuing a peaceful approach to better manage the region. While these efforts have been made, there also exists a significant turning point that happened during the later part of Jokowi's presidency. Examples of it include the 2018 Nduga massacre, which in its aftermath was followed by the region's militarization. The most significant event, however, would happen during the 2019 Papua protests. The protests' scale pushed the government to deploy non-organic forces from the Indonesian National Army (TNI) and the Indonesian National Police Forces (POLRI). In addition, another important measure was also applied with internet restriction, which had never been implemented in Papua's history. With this in mind, this research would explore Papua's issue securitization process during the first term of Jokowi's presidency from 2014 to 2019. Understanding this process is important so as to figure out the adoption of the aforementioned measures that utilize the state's coercive instruments.

There has been a paradigm shift from 'peaceful' development in the early Joko Widodo's (Jokowi) first term in contrast to a more 'securitized' approach during his later term. In his campaign for the 2014 Indonesian presidential election, he has made promises to prioritize Papua's issue by pursuing a peaceful approach to better manage the region. While these efforts have been made, there also exists a significant turning point that happened during the later part of Jokowi's presidency. Examples of it include the 2018 Nduga massacre, which in its aftermath was followed by the region's militarization. The most significant event, however, would happen during the 2019 Papua protests. The protests' scale pushed the government to deploy non-organic forces from the Indonesian National Army (TNI) and the Indonesian National Police Forces (POLRI). In addition, another important measure was also applied with internet restriction, which had never been implemented in Papua's history. With this in mind, this research would explore Papua's issue securitization process during the first term of Jokowi's presidency from 2014 to 2019. Understanding this process is important so as to figure out the adoption of the aforementioned measures that utilize the state's coercive instruments.

Kata Kunci : Security, Securitization, Indonesia, Papua, Joko Widodo