Pola kerja dan pendapatan buruh perempuan pada industri mebel :: Studi kasus di Desa Sri WUlan dan Desa Sayung Kecamatan Sayung Kabupaten Demak

SETYOWATI, Erna, Prof.Drs. Kasto, MA

2003 | Tesis | S2 Kependudukan

Demak. Jenis pekerjaan yang dilakukan adalah pembuatan berbagai macam peralatan rumah tangga seperti meja, kursi, box baby dan lain-lain berdasarkan pesanan (ekspor), bukan mebel ukir seperti produk ukir Jepara. Keberadaan industri ini banyak menyerap tenaga kerja terutama perempuan. Mereka banyak berasal dari rumah tangga berpenghasilan rendah, karena faktor ekonomi, mereka bekerja untuk mencukupi kebutuhan hidup rumah tangga dengan memilih pola kerja sesuai dengan kondisi buruh perempuan. Adapun pola kerja yang dapat dipilih adalah terusmenerus; conventional; interrupted; double track dan unstable. Tujuan penelitian ingin mengetahui perbedaan pemilihan pola kerja menurut kondisi buruh perempuan dan apakah pendapatan buruh berbeda menurut pola kerja. Data yang dipergunakan adalah primer dengan studi kasus dari buruh perempuan industri mebel. Responden sebesar 149 orang yang diambil dari dua desa yaitu desa Sri Wulan dan desa Sayung Kecamatan Demak. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara disertai kuesioner yang lebih dulu diujicobakan pada 20 orang (N = 20) untuk validitas dan reliabilitas item. Analisis yang digunakan deskriptif persentase dan uji-t.. Hasil analisis uji-t menunjukkan t hitung lebih kecil dari t table pada dk = 97, taraf signifikan 5% (0,13 < 1,99) atau P (0,89 > 0,05) artinya tidak ada perbedaan, namun jika dilihat dari beda rerata pendapatan, nampak terdapat perbedaan pendapatan meskipun selisihnya relatif kecil. Buruh yang memilih pola kerja terus menerus memiliki rata-rata pendapatan Rp 349.323 lebih tinggi dibanding pola kerja double track yaitu Rp 344.821 mereka tetap bekerja meskipun kawin dan melahirkan, sehingga mereka mempunyai masa kerja yang lebih lama dibanding buruh dengan pola kerja yang lain. Sebagian besar buruh berstatus keluarga inti dengan tingkat pendidikan SLTP ke bawah.

This research was focused on the female laborers in furniture industries in Demak District. The work was to produce various kinds of household furniture such as tables, chairs, baby boxes, etc. depending on the order of the consumers (sometimes to be exported). This was not to make carved furniture like what was produced in Jepara. These industries absorb a lot of workers, especially female workers. Most of the workers came from low income families. Because of economic factors, they worked to fulfill their household needs. The female laborers chose the work patterns according to their own condition. The work patterns which could be chosen were continuous, conventional, interrupted, double track , and unstable. The objectives of this research were to examine the differences of work pattern choice according to the condition of the female laborers and to find out whether the income of the laborers was different according to the work patterns The data used in this research were primary data with the case study of female laborers in furniture industries. There were 149 respondents consisting of 97 laborers from Sri Wulan village and 52 laborers from Sayung village in Sayung Subdistrict, Demak. Data were collected using interview method with the questionnaire tried out in 20 people (N=20) for the validity and reliability of the items . The analysis used in this research was perspective percentage and T test. The result of t-test shows that the “computed t” was smaller than the “tabled t” at dk = 97, with the level of significance 5% ( 0,13 <1,99) or p (0,89 > 0,05). It means that there was no difference. However, when viewed from the average income , it can be seen that there was a difference in income although it was relatively small. Laborers with continuous work pattern had the average income of Rp. 349. 323, and it was higher than that of the double tract work pattern group that is Rp. 344.821. The laborers of the former group continued to work although they got married and had children , so they had longer work experience than those of the other work patterns. Most of laborers in this group were married and came from a structured nucleus family and their educational background was Junior High school or lower than that.

Kata Kunci : Pendapatan Rumah Tangga, Buruh Peremuan, Pola Kerja