Peran Para Pihak Dalam Mengimplementasikan Program Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan untuk Greenbelt Pesisir Pantai Di Yogyakarta International Airport

TRI SUSMALINDA, Dwiko Budi Permadi, S.Hut., M.Sc., Ph.D. ; Dr. Ir. Handojo Hadi Nurjanto, M.Agr.Sc.

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KEHUTANAN

Kawasan bandara Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA) terletak di kawasan rawan bencana pesisir pantai, baik abrasi maupun tsunami. Kawasan selatan bandara yang awalnya merupakan lahan tambak masyarakat saat ini berhasil diubah menjadi greenbelt. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran para pihak dan strategi dalam mengalihgunakan lahan tambak menjadi lahan greenbelt untuk mitigasi bencana pesisir pantai, untuk mengevaluasi keberhasilan program RHL YIA dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor biofisik dan tindakan manajemen yang mempengaruhinya. Teknik pengumpulan data mencakup wawancara, observasi, studi pustaka, pengukuran lapangan dan uji laboratorium. Dalam penelitian ini telah diwawancarai sebanyak 36 responden untuk mengetahui kronologi pengalihan pertambakan untuk areal greenbelt, identifikasi para pihak, analisis strategi dan analisis jejaring sosial menggunakan metode Social Network Analysis (SNA) dengan pengukuran degree centrality, closeness centrality, dan betweenness centrality. Untuk analisis keberhasilan RHL dilakukan dengan pengukuran persen hidup, tinggi tanaman, diameter batang tanaman, intensitas hama, pH, salinitas/DHL dan bahan organik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sejumlah Kementerian/Lembaga Pusat, BUMN (PT Angkasa Pura I), Pemerintah Provinsi, Pemerintah Kabupaten, Pemerintah Kalurahan dan Perguruan Tinggi saling terkait dalam merencanakan dan mengimplementasikan grand desain mitigasi bencana kawasan greenbelt. Para pihak umumnya menggunakan pendekatan regulasi (coercion) dan mendominasi informasi kepada petani tambak sehingga mereka berhasil meninggalkan areal pertambakannya tanpa ganti rugi sama sekali. Sedangkan BPDASHL SOP dinilai paling berperan dan berpengaruh dalam merencanakan dan mengimplementasikan kegiatan RHL di lokasi greenbelt dan strategi yang digunakan cenderung menggunakan insentif program RHL dengan menyediakan bibit, upah penanaman dan pemeliharaan kepada kelompok tani. Hasil evaluasi pertumbuhan tanaman menunjukkan adanya variasi keberhasilan RHL berdasarkan jenis kelompok tanaman pada tiap kalurahan. Variasi tersebut mencakup persen hidup, tinggi tanaman, diameter batang tanaman, intensitas serangan hama, pH, salinitas/daya hantar listrik maupun kandungan bahan organik.

The area of Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA) is located in coastal disaster prone, either abrasion or tsunami. The southern area of the airport which previously was community brackish water pond is now turned into greenbelt. This research aims to find out the role of stakeholders and the strategy of land use change from brackish water pond to greenbelt area for coastal disaster mitigation, to evaluate the success of YIA Forest and Land Rehabilitation (RHL), and to identify biophysics factors and the affected management conduct. The data was collected through interview, observation, literature study, ground measurement, and laboratory testing. In this research there were 36 respondents interviewed to understand the chronology of brackish water pond diversion to greenbelt area, to identify the stakeholders, strategy and social networking analysis using Social Network Analysis (SNA) with the measurement of degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality. For the RHL success analysis, the measurement of life percentage, plant height, plant stem diameter, pest intensity, pH, salinity/electrical conductivity (DHL), and organic material. The result of this study showed several Ministries/Central Agencies, State-owned enterprise (BUMN) such as PT Angkasa Pura I, Provincial Government, Regencies Government, Sub-districts Government and Academicians were interrelated in planning and implementing grand design of greenbelt area disaster mitigation. The stakeholders commonly applied regulation approach (coercion) and dominated the information to brackish water pond farmers. Thus, those farmers successfully left their area without receiving any compensations. BPDASHL Serayu Opak Progo was considered as the most contributed and influential in planning and implementing RHL activities in greenbelt location and the strategy applied tended to use RHL incentive program by providing seeds, planting wages, and maintenance to farmers group. The evaluation result of plant growth showed that there were RHL success variations based on types of plants group. Those variations were life percentage, plant height, plant stem diameter, pest intensity, pH, salinity/DHL, and organic material.

Kata Kunci : para pihak penghijauan greenbelt Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA)