Tidak Belajar dari Masa Lalu: Kemunduran Gerakan Pro-Demokrasi di Thailand 2020-2021

MUHAMMAD SCESSARDI K, Dr. Diah Kusumaningrum, MA

2022 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

Gerakan pro-demokrasi di Thailand tahun 2020-2021 menjadi babak baru dari perjuangan demokrasi masyarakat Thailand. Gerakan yang dimotori oleh pelajar dan mahasiswa ini mulai mendapatkan perhatian publik saat mulai menuntut adanya reformasi monarki, sebuah langkah yang dianggap tabu, sembari melawan rezim militer PM Prayuth Chan-o-Cha. Selain tuntutan progresif, gerakan juga berhasil menggunakan metode-metode nirkekerasan yang unik, kreatif, dan penuh referensi budaya populer. Namun, gerakan populer ini justru mengalami kemunduran dalam perkembangannya cenderung meneruskan kegagalan gerakan yang pernah muncul pasca kudeta terhadap PM Thaksin Shinawatra di 2006 dan kudeta terhadap PM Yingluck Shinawatra di 2014. Hal ini berkebalikan dengan gerakan di 1973 dan 1992 yang justru berhasil menumbangkan rezim militer. Penelitian ini kemudian berusaha untuk memahami kegagalan gerakan di tahun 2020-2021 dengan merefleksikannya dengan berbagai episode gerakan di 1973, 1992, 2006, dan 2014 dan didekati dengan konsep pillars of support dan dilemma actions. Nampaknya gerakan di tahun 2020-2021 tidak belajar dari keberhasilan dan kegagalan gerakan di masa lalu.

The advent of Thailand's pro-democracy movement in 2020-2021 became a new chapter in the long history of the Thai people's struggle to establish democracy. This middle school and university student-led movement garnered public attention right after they declared monarchy reform as one of their demands, a taboo issue, besides their fight against PM Prayuth Chan-o-Cha's military regime. In addition to progressive demands, the movement has also succeeded in using nonviolent methods that are unique, creative, and full of popular culture references. However, this popular movement suffered from deterioration and tend to continue the failure of other movements that had emerged after the coups against PM Thaksin Shinawatra in 2006 and PM Yingluck Shinawatra in 2014. Different trajectories occurred in 1973 and 1992 when both movements in those periods succeeded in overthrowing the military regime. This thesis attempts to further understand the deterioration of the movement in 2020-2021 by reflecting on the past democracy movements in 1973, 1992, 2006, and 2014 through the concepts of pillars of support and dilemma actions. It seemed that the latest movement in 2020-2021 did not learn from the successes and failures of the past movements.

Kata Kunci : Aksi Nirkekerasan, Pilar-Pilar Pendukung Rezim/Pillars of Support, Dilemma Action, Gerakan Pro-Demokrasi Thailand 2020-2021