PERAN SISTEM PRODUKSI TERNAK TERHADAP KINERJA DAN VARIASI GENETIK BERDASARKAN GEN LEPTIN SAPI MADURA DI WILAYAH PENGEMBANGAN SONOK

TRISTIANTO NUGROHO, Ir. Tri Satya Mastuti Widi, S.Pt., M.P., M.Sc., Ph.D., IPM., ASEAN Eng.; Ir. Dyah Maharani, S.Pt., M.P., Ph.D., IPM.

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU PETERNAKAN

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji peran sistem produksi ternak terhadap kinerja dan variasi genetik berdasarkan gen Leptin Sapi Madura di wilayah pengembangan Sonok. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Pamekasan, Jawa Timur. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi pustaka, wawancara pemangku kepentingan, pengukuran ternak dan analisis laboratorium. Wawancara semi terstruktur melibatkan 218 peternak Sapi Madura (93 konvensional, 71 Taccek dan 54 Sonok). Pengukuran ternak dilakukan pada 294 ekor sapi (123 konvensional, 88 Taccek dan 83 Sonok). Data karakteristik peternak yang bersifat kuantitatif, kinerja produksi dan kinerja reproduksi dianalisis dengan analisis variansi (ANOVA) pola searah menggunakan software R. Data bersifat kategori disajikan dalam bentuk distribusi frekuensi. Variasi genetik gen Leptin dianalisis dengan software Popgen32. Asosiasi variasi genetik dengan kinerja produksi dianalisis dengan ANOVA dan t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peternak sapi Madura kelas Sonok memiliki umur, ukuran keluarga, pengalaman beternak, kepemilikan lahan, tingkat pendidikan dan kepemilikan ternak lebih tinggi dibandingkan peternak Taccek dan konvensional. Peternak pada ketiga kelas memiliki tujuan utama beternak sebagai pendapatan dan tabungan tetapi peternak sapi Sonok lebih mengutamakan nilai budaya dan status sosial dibandingkan kelas lain. Sapi Sonok memiliki ukuran ukuran tubuh dan bobot badan lebih tinggi dibandingkan sapi Taccek, sedangkan sapi konvensional paling rendah. Sapi konvensional memiliki jarak beranak dan perkawinan pertama setelah melahirkan lebih baik dibandingkan sapi lain. Delapan SNP gen Leptin teridentifikasi pada lokasi g.1001G>C, g.1044C>T, g.1046A>G, g.1158T>C, g.1180C>T, g.1181G>A, g.1299G>A dan g.1311C>T. Sapi Taccek memiliki nilai heterosigositas gen Leptin lebih tinggi dibandingkan sapi konvensional dan Sapi Sonok. Genotip heterosigot pada SNP g.1044C>T, g.1046A>G, g.1158T>C, g.1180C>T, g.1299G>A dan g.1311C>T memiliki ukuran-ukuran tubuh yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan genotip homosigot. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem produksi ternak berperan penting terhadap kinerja dan variasi genetik ternak di kawasan pengembangan Sonok. Kebudayaan Sonok meningkatkan kinerja produksi tetapi menurunkan variasi genetik ternak berdasarkan gen Leptin.

This study aimed to observe the role of livestock production systems Madura Cattle performance and genetic variation of Leptin gene in the Sonok area. Research was conducted in Pamekasan Regency, East Java. Data were collected through literature study, stakeholder interviews, livestock measurements, and laboratory analysis. Semi-structured interviews involved 218 Madura Cattle farmers (93 conventional, 71 Taccek, and 54 Sonok). Livestock measurements were carried out on 294 cows (123 conventional, 88 Taccek, and 83 Sonok). Quantitative data on farmer characteristics, production performance, and reproductive performance were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using R software. Categorical data were presented in a frequency distribution. Genetic variations were analyzed by Popgen32 software. Association studies were analyzed by ANOVA and t-test. The results showed that the Sonok cattle farmers had higher age, family size, livestock experience, land ownership, education level, and livestock ownership compared to Taccek and conventional. Farmers in the three classes have the main goal of keeping cattle as income and savings, but Sonok farmers prioritize cultural values and social status over other classes. Sonok cattle have higher body size and body weight than Taccek cattle, while conventional cattle are the lowest. Conventional cows have better calving interval and post-partum mating than other cows. Eight Leptin gene SNPs were identified at locations g.1001G>C, g.1044C>T, g.1046A>G, g.1158T>C, g.1180C>T, g.1181G>A, g.1299G>A and g.1311C>T. Taccek cattle had a higher Leptin gene heterozygosity than conventional and Sonok cattle. Heterozygous genotypes at SNPs g.1044C>T, g.1046A>G, g.1158T>C, g.1180C>T, g.1299G>A and g.1311C>T had higher body sizes than the homozygous. It can be concluded that the livestock production system plays an important role in the performance and genetic variation in the Sonok development area. Sonok culture increased production performance but decreased genetic variation of the Leptin gene.

Kata Kunci : Sistem produksi ternak, Sapi Madura, Sonok, Kinerja, Variasi genetik