Uji Sensitivitas Antibiotik Isolat Escherichia coli Resisten Colistin Asal Ayam Petelur di Sleman, Yogyakarta

ANGELIE MELLINIA S, Prof. drh. Widya Asmara, SU., Ph.D.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Kolibasilosis merupakan penyakit infeksius yang sering menyerang peternakan ayam di Indonesia. Kolibasilosis pada ayam disebabkan oleh infeksi Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) yang menyerang ayam pada berbagai tingkatan umur. Penanganan kolibasilosis umumnya dilakukan dengan pemberian antibiotik. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan resistensi bakteri. Colistin kini dilarang digunakan sebagai obat hewan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sensitivitas Escherichia coli resisten colistin terhadap beberapa antibiotik. Total 30 sampel swab kloaka dari peternakan ayam petelur di Sleman, Yogyakarta diinokulasi dalam Buffered Peptone Water (BPW) selanjutnya ditanam pada MacConkey Agar (MCA) dengan dan tanpa colistin pada suhu 37 derajat Celcius selama 18-24 jam. Koloni Escherichia coli yang telah teridentifikasi dan resisten colistin berjumlah enam isolat kemudian dipilih secara acak empat isolat untuk diuji sensitivitas terhadap antibiotik ampisilin, streptomisin, amoksisilin, kloramfenikol, tetrasiklin, dan trimetoprim-sulfametoksazol. Diameter zona hambat diukur dan dibandingkan dengan tabel standar zona hambatan. Hasil uji sensitivitas dari empat isolat Escherichia coli resisten colistin menunjukkan resisten terhadap ampisilin, amoksisilin, tetrasiklin, trimetoprim-sulfametoksazol (100%); resisten terhadap streptomisin (25%); intermediet terhadap streptomisin (25%); sensitif terhadap streptomisn (50%); dan sensitif terhadap kloramfenikol (100%). Sifat resistensi ganda dimilki keempat isolat yaitu resistensi ampisilin, amoksisilin, tetrasiklin, dan trimetoprim-sulfametoksazol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingginya penyebaran sifat resistensi dari isolat Escherichia coli resisten colistin terhadap beberapa jenis antibiotik.

Colibacillosis is an infectious disease that often attacks chicken farms in Indonesia. Colibacillosis in chickens is caused by Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), which can attack chickens at various ages. Colibacillosis is generally treated with antibiotics. Innappropriate use of antibiotics can lead to bacterial resistance. Colistin is now prohibitied from being used as a veterinary drug in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the sensitivity of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli to several antibiotics. A total of 30 cloacal swab samples from laying hens farms in Sleman, Yogyakarta were inoculated in Buffered Peptone Water (BPW) and then cultured on MacConkey Agar (MCA) with and without colistin at 37 degree Celcius for 18-24 hours. Six isolates of Escherichia coli have been identified and colistin-resistant, then four isolates were randomly selected to be tested for sensitivity to ampicillin, streptomycin, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Diameter of the inhibition zone was measured and compared with the standard inhibition zone table. The result of an antibiotic sensitivity test of four colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates showed resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (100%); resistance to streptomycin (25%); intermediate to streptomycin (25%); sensitive to streptomycin (50%), and sensitive to chloramphenicole (100%). The multidrug resistance of the four isolates was resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The results showed the high spread of resistance properties of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates to several types of antibiotics.

Kata Kunci : Escherichia coli, colistin, antibiotik, resisten, antibiotic, resistance