Optimalisasi peranan radar dalam operasi pertahanan udara
SUYOKO, H, Dr. Bambang Rusdiarso, DEA
2003 | Tesis | S2 Ketahanan NasionalDemi kelangsungan hidup bangsa dan negara, diperlukan kondisi yang aman dari segala ancaman, baik yang datang melalui darat, laut maupun udara. TNI Angkatan Udara selaku penegak kedaulatan negara di udara, bertugas mempertahankan keutuhan wilayah udara nasional dan penegak hukum di udara bersama-sama dengan segenap komponen kekuatan pertahanan keamanan negara lainnya, serta menyelenggarakan penegakan hukum di wilayah udara nasional. Dalam rangka mewujudkan tugas pokok tersebut, TNI Angkatan Udara antara lain melaksanakan operasi pertahanan udara, meliputi unsur-unsur radar, pesawat tempur sergap, peluru kendali jarak pendek/sedang dan meriam pertahanan udara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang pelanggaran penerbangan terhadap kedaulatan wilayah udara nasional, yang dapat dideteksi oleh unsur radar dalam operasi pertahanan udara. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dengan cara dokumentasi di Komando Pertahanan Udara Nasional Jakarta beserta jajarannya diperoleh data bahwa, belum seluruh wilayah udara nasional dapat diliput oleh radar pertahanan udara, saat ini telah digelar 16 radar di wilayah Barat dan Tengah, sedangkan di wilayah Timur belum dapat diliput oleh radar pertahanan udara. Disamping itu jumlah jam operasional radar yang dapat direalisasikan rata-rata antara 6 sampai 12 jam setiap harinya. Dari hasil operasi radar periode Januari 1997 sampai dengan bulan Mei 2002 (65 bulan) terdapat pelanggaran penerbangan terhadap wilayah udara nasional serbanyak 229 kali. Pelanggaran tersebut secara matematika dinyatakan Y = 3,523 + 0, 057 X ( X menyatakan waktu (bulan) dengan X = 0 diambil tengah-tengah pengamatan yaitu bulan September 1999 dan Y menyatakan jumlah pelanggaran pada bulan tersebut, rata-rata pelanggaran a = 3,523, dengan laju pelanggaran b = 0,057). Dari hipotesa Nul yang menyatakan bahwa tidak terdapat trend terhadap pelanggaran penerbangan, maupun alternatifnya. Setelah dilakukan perhitungan terhadap pelanggaran penerbangan setiap bulan selama 65 bulan pengamatan, dengan memakai 5 persen tingkat kepercayaan, Hipotesa nul ditolak, karena hasil perhitungan sampel dengan m menyatakan jumlah terjadinya naik didapat Z = -4,051 (lebih kecil dari tabel Za = -1.65) atau Z = -3,6247 (lebih kecil dari Za = -1.65 untuk sampel dengan m menyatakan jumlah terjadinya turun). Berarti terdapat trend ancaman berupa pelanggaran penerbangan terhadap wilayah udara nasional. Rata–rata operasi radar setiap harinya antara 6 sampai 12 jam baik radar EW maupun GCI, sehingga jumlah jam operasi radar masih memungkinkan untuk dioptimalkan (dimaksimalkan ). Dengan kendala yang dihadapi antara lain jumlah personil dan dukungan dana operasional/pemeliharaan. Dari hasil perhitungan dengan menggunakan teori optimasi (program linier) didapat kemungkinan bahwa radar EW dapat ditingkatkan menjadi 24 jam setiap harinya, dengan catatan jumlah personil dan dukungan dana dapat dipenuhi sesuai dengan keketentuan. Sehingga pengawasan terhadap wilayah udara nasional dapat dilakukan secara-terus menerus.
For the implementation of the state and nation, it is necessary to have save condition from all threat, either comes from the land, the sea and the air. Indonesian Air Force as an upholder of the state soverignty in the air, it has a duty for maintaining the wholeness of the national air zone and upholder the law in the air together with all the other state safety defense force component, and runs law enforcement in the national air zone. In the framework to create the main task, Indonesian Air Force i.e. performs air defense operation, includes radar elements, fighting aircraft, short or medium range missile and surface to air missile. This research insteads to get the illustration about the flight infraction toward the air national sovereignty, which can detected by using the radar elements in the air defense operation. From this research which has been carried out by using documentation in the National Air Defense Command in Jakarta, included its alignment, we could get the data that the all of the air national zone could not be covered by air defense radar, nowadays there are 16 radars which are performed in the West ang the Midle Zone, whereas in the East Zone couldn’t be covered by air defense radar. Besides that the total of radar operational hours that can be realized is abaut 6 up to 12 hours per day. From the result of the radar operation, the period of January 1997 up to May 2002 (65 months), there were flight infractions to the air national zone amounted to 229 times. Mathematically the infraction can be stated, Y = 3,523 + 0,057 X ( X about the time (month) with X = 0, it has been taken in the middle monitoring in September 1999 and Y was the number of the infraction in that month, the average of the infraction a = 3,523, with the speed of the infraction b = 0.057 ). From Nul’s hypothesis which stated, there was no special occation toward the flight infraction as well as its alternative. After having been calculated toward the flight infraction per month since 65 months monitoring and by using 5 percents believeness, Nul’s hyipothesis was refused, because the result of the sample calculation by using m stated that it was increasing for Z = - 4,051 (smaller than Za list = - 1,65 ) or Z = - 3,6247 (smaller than Za = - 1,65 for the sample by using m stated that the total was decreasing. Its means there is special occasion of threat such as flight infraction toward the air national zone. The average of radar operation each day is about 6 up to 12 hours either EW radar or GCI so the number of radar operation hours might be optimized . With the obstacle which will be faced, such as the number of the personnel and fund endorsement for the operational or the maintenance. From the result of using optimize theory (linier program), it will be got some possibilities that EW radar can be increased up to 24 hours per day, if the number of the personnel and fund endorsement can be fulfilled according to the goals. So the monitoring to the air national zone can be carried out continuously.
Kata Kunci : Ketahanan Nasional,Pertahanan Udara,Peran Radar, radar, air defense operation, air safety zone
