PharmD; Prototype Dashboard Kinerja Apoteker Sebagai Upaya Monitoring Pengelolaan Obat di Puskesmas

FARADIBA, Prof. Dr. apt. Satibi, M.Si.; dr. M. Lutfan Lazuardi, M.Kes, PhD.

2022 | Tesis | Magister Manajemen Farmasi

Meskipun standar minimum pelayanan kefarmasian di puskesmas sudah ditentukan, pada kenyataannya, kualitas pengelolaan obat di beberapa puskesmas belum optimal. Sistem Informasi Puskesmas (SIMPUS) terbatas pada pencatatan operasional dan belum mencakup indikator pengelolaan obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan sistem, merancang model dan prototype, serta memberikan rekomendasi terkait integrasi sistem dan format penamaan obat berdasarkan literatur. Prototype ditujukan untuk memudahkan apoteker memonitor kinerja pengelolaan obat. Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus yang terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu: analisis kebutuhan pengguna, pengembangan model dan prototype, evaluasi prototype, dan penyusunan rekomendasi. Tahap pertama menggunakan metode user-centered-design melalui focus group discussion dan observasi. Terdapat 13 institusi terlibat dalam analisis kebutuhan dan 9 institusi pada tahap evaluasi secara purposive sampling. Penelitian ini melibatkan puskesmas dan dinas kesehatan di Yogyakarta, dan dimulai dari bulan September 2021 hingga April 2022. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menghasilkan prototype PharmD yang memiliki fungsi sebagai dashboard kinerja pengelolaan obat untuk apoteker di puskesmas. Prototype berbasis web dengan data flow diagram dan entity relationship data sebagai pemodelan proses dan data. Usability testing menemukan prototype nyaman dan mudah untuk digunakan dengan nilai rata-rata aspek easy to learn (3,22), efficiency to use (3,25), few errors (3,10), easy to remember (2,98), dan pleasant to use (3,04) dari skala 4. Pembaharuan prototype, standarisasi nama obat, dan integrasi sistem harus dilakukan untuk mengakselerasi implementasi sistem informasi dalam pengelolaan obat sehingga mutu pelayanan farmasi di puskesmas dapat ditingkatkan.

Although the minimum standards for pharmacy services have been determined, in reality, the quality of drug management at many primary health centers has not met the criteria. The existing information system is limited to operational records and does not include drug management indicators. This study aims to analyze system requirements, design models and prototype, and provide recommendations regarding system integration and drug naming formats based on the literature. The prototype is intended to make it easier for pharmacists to monitor drug management performance. This research is a descriptive study with a case study approach consisting of four stages: analysis of user needs, development of system models and prototyping, prototype evaluation, and propose recommendations. The first stage uses the user-centered-design method through focus group discussion and observations. There were 13 institutions involved in the needs analysis and 9 institutions in the evaluation stage by purposive sampling. This research involved primary health care centers and district health offices in Yogyakarta, from September 2021 to April 2022. Data analysis was carried out using qualitative and quantitative descriptive. The result of this research was a prototype PharmD which had a function as a dashboard of drug management performance for pharmacists at the primary health care centers. Web-based prototype with data flow diagrams and entity relationship data as process and data modeling. Usability testing found the prototype comfortable and easy to use with the average value of aspects easy to learn (3.22), efficiency to use (3.25), few errors (3.10), easy to remember (2.98), and pleasant to use (3.04) from 4 scale. Renewal of prototypes, standardization of drug names, and system integration must be carried out to accelerate the implementation of information systems in drug management so that the quality of pharmaceutical services in primary health care centers can be improved.

Kata Kunci : prototype, indikator pengelolaan obat, puskesmas