Willingness to Pay for Covid-19 Vaccine and Its Determinants in Indonesia

RIZKA PRITA YULIANI, Dr. apt. Susi Ari Kristina, M.Kes.;Dr. apt. Dwi Endarti, M.Sc.

2022 | Tesis | Magister Manajemen Farmasi

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan jumlah kasus baru dan kematian baru akibat COVID-19 tertinggi di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Seiring dengan upaya global, pemerintah Indonesia menetapkan pelaksanaan vaksinasi sebagai salah satu upaya penanganan pandemi. Keberhasilan upaya pemerintah dalam memerangi wabah terutama tergantung pada perilaku masyarakat. Menilai pengetahuan, persepsi, penerimaan, dan kesediaan membayar masyarakat terhadap vaksin COVID-19 dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keinginan membayar tersebut dapat membantu meningkatkan upaya cakupan vaksinasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesediaan membayar vaksin COVID-19 dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya pada populasi umum di Indonesia. Survei cross-sectional ini dilakukan secara online dari September 2021 hingga Desember 2021 dan melibatkan 396 responden. Instrumen penelitian adalah self-administered questionnaire yang dikategorikan ke dalam delapan domain. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan uji Chi-square dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antar variabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar responden memiliki pengetahuan baik (54,0% dengan nilai median 95.00) dan persepsi positif (52,5% dengan nilai median 72.00) tentang COVID-19 dan vaksinnya. Menggunakan uji Chi-square, tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan, pendapatan, pengeluaran, asuransi, dan pengalaman kerabat dekat dengan COVID-19 menunjukkan signifikansi statistik dengan pengetahuan, sedangkan usia, ukuran keluarga, pekerjaan sebagai petugas kesehatan, pengalaman vaksinasi, dan keberadaan kerabat dekat yang terinfeksi COVID-19 menunjukkan pengaruh terhadap persepsi. Dengan p-value 0,003 menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara pengetahuan dan persepsi. Penerimaan dan kesediaan membayar vaksin COVID-19 berturut-turut adalah 83,8% dan 52,%. Skor penerimaan dikaitkan dengan tingkat pengetahuan (p=0,001), sedangkan kesediaan untuk membayar dikaitkan dengan tingkat pengetahuan (p=0,000) dan persepsi (p=0,016) terhadap COVID-19 dan vaksinnya. Menurut penelitian ini, perlu adanya peran lebih lanjut dari pemerintah dan tenaga kesehatan terkait vaksin COVID-19 untuk meningkatkan penerimaan dan kemauan membayar vaksin.

Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest numbers of new cases and new death of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the South-East Asia region. Along with the global effort, the Indonesian government stipulates the implementation of vaccination as one of the efforts to deal with the pandemic. The success of the government efforts to combat the outbreak mainly depends on public behavior. Assessing public knowledge, perception, acceptance, and willingness to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine help to attribute factors that affect public behavior and help to strengthen prevention efforts. The objective of this study was to find out the level of willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccine and its determinants in the general population in Indonesia. This cross-sectional survey was conducted online from September 2021 to December 2021 and included 396 respondents. The study instrument is a self-administered questionnaire that is categorized into eight domains. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and Chi-square test to determine the relationship among the variables. The results showed that most respondents have a good knowledge (54.0% with median value 95.00) and positive perception (52.5% with median value 72.00) about COVID-19 and its vaccine. Using Chi-square test, education level, occupation, income, expenses, insurance, and close relatives experience with COVID-19 showed statistical significances with knowledge, while age, family size, work as a healthcare worker, vaccination experience, and the presence of close relatives infected with COVID-19 were more likely affect perception. With a p-value of 0.003, there is also a relationship between knowledge and perception. The acceptance and willingness to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine were 83.8% and 52.% consecutively. Acceptance score was associated with knowledge level (p=0.001), while the willingness to pay was associated with both knowledge level (p=0.000) and perception (p=0.016) towards COVID-19 and its vaccine. According to this study, there is a need for further roles from the government and health workers related to COVID-19 vaccine to increase acceptance and willingness to pay for vaccines.

Kata Kunci : knowledge, acceptance, willingness to pay, COVID-19 vaccine