PERTUMBUHAN DAN KUALITAS SEMAI TIGA JENIS BAMBU HASIL STEK CABANG DENGAN VARIASI POSISI DARI BATANG BAMBU

RANI NIRWANA, Dr.Budiadi, S.Hut., M.Agr.Sc. ; Ir. Adriana, M.P.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Bambu merupakan salah satu bahan substitusi kayu yang banyak diminati saat ini terutama dalam bidang industri. Pembudidayaan bambu secara generatif sangat sulit dilakukan, oleh karena itu bambu banyak dikembangbiakan secara vegetatif. Stek cabang bambu merupakan salah satu teknik budidaya bambu yang banyak diterapkan masyarakat, namun masih perlu diketahui teknik budidaya yang paling tepat untuk diterapkan pada jenis yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis dan posisi cabang dari batang bambu terhadap pertumbuhan dan kualitas semai dari stek bambu jenis bambu petung (Dendrocalamus asper), apus (Gigantochloa apus), dan ampel (Bambusa vulgaris). Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Silvikultur Intensif Departemen Silvikultur Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Faktorial dalam bentuk Completely Randomize Design (CRD) dengan 2 faktor: 1) Jenis bambu yaitu bambu petung (PT), bambu apus (AP), dan bambu ampel (AM); dan 2) Pembagian posisi dari batang bambu untuk bahan stek yaitu: ujung (u), tengah (t), dan pangkal (p). Penelitian ini mempunyai sembilan kombinasi perlakuan, lima ulangan, dan tujuh unit eksperimen sehingga jumlah sampel yaitu 315 stek cabang. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 14 minggu dengan pengukuran tiap 7 hari sekali. Variabel yang diukur tiap minggunya yaitu persen hidup, jumlah tunas, dan panjang tunas. Pada minggu ke-14 dilakukan pengkuran panjang akar dan perhitungan biomassa berupa Above Ground Biomass (AGB) dan Below Ground Biomass (BGB) serta perhitungan nilai Top/root Ratio. Data dianalisis dengan Time Series Analysis dan Uji Anova serta Uji Lanjut Tukey HSD. Perlakuan jenis bambu berpengaruh nyata terhadap persen hidup, jumlah tunas, panjang tunas, panjang akar, biomassa, dan nilai Top/Root Ratio. Sedangkan perlakuan posisi cabang dari batang berpengaruh nyata terhadap persen hidup dan jumlah tunas, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata pada variabel panjang tunas, panjang akar, biomassa, dan nilai Top/Root Ratio. Respon pertumbuhan terbaik ditunjukkan oleh jenis bambu ampel di posisi pertama, bambu petung di posisi kedua, dan bambu apus dengan respon pertumbuhan paling kecil. Jenis bambu dengan respon kualitas terbaik ditunjukkan pada jenis bambu ampel dengan posisi pangkal sebagai posisi dengan persen hidup tertinggi.

Bamboo is one of the wood substitution materials that are in great demand today, especially in the industrial sector. The generative cultivation of bamboo is very difficult, therefore bamboo is mostly vegetatively propagated. Bamboo branch cuttings is one of the bamboo propagation techniques that is widely applied by the community, however it is necessary to know the most adequate cultivation techniques to be applied to different varieties. This study aims to determine the effect of the type and position of branches on bamboo stems on the growth and quality of seedlings from bamboo cuttings of petung (Dendrocalamus asper), apus (Gigantochloa apus) and ampel (Bambusa vulgaris) bamboo cuttings. The research was conducted at the Intensive Silviculture Laboratory, Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada The design used was a factorial design in the form of a Complately Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factors: 1) Types of bamboo, namely petung bamboo (P), apus bamboo (AP), and ampel bamboo (AM); and 2) Division of branch taking positions for cutting materials, namely: tip (u), middle (t), and base (p). This study had nine treatment combinations, five replications, and seven experimental units so that the number of samples required was 315 branch cuttings. Observations were made for 14 weeks with measurements every 7 days. The variables measured weekly were the percentage of survival, the number of shoots, and the length of shoots. In the 14th week, root length measurements and biomass calculations were carried out in the form of Above Ground Biomass (AGB) and Below Ground Biomass (BGB) as well as the calculation of the Top/Root Ratio value. The data were analyzed by Time Series Analysis and Anova Test and Tukey HSD Advanced Test. Bamboo type treatment has a significant effect on survival percentage, number of shoots, bud length, root length, biomass, and Top/Rppt Ratio. While the treatment of branch position of the stem has a significant effect on the percentage of survival and number of shoots, but has no significant effect on the variables of bud length, root length, biomass, and Top/Root Ratio. The best growth respons was show by ampel bamboo species, followed by petung bamboo species in the second position, and apus bamboo species with the smallest growth response. The type of bamboo with the best quality response is shown by ampel bamboo with the base position as the position with the highest survival percentage

Kata Kunci : Bambu, stek cabang, pertumbuhan, kualitas