Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Bunga Cengkeh (Eugenia aromatica) Konsentrasi 80% terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus sanguinis secara In vitro.

RENATA SMARA W. L., drg. Poerwati Soetji Rahajoe, Sp. BM(K) ; drg. Pingky Krisna Arindra, Sp.BMM(K)

2022 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN GIGI

Streptococcus sanguinis merupakan bakteri komensal rongga mulut, apabila pada soket pasca pencabutan gigi dibiarkan tumbuh berlebih, bakteri ini dapat memicu terjadinya dry socket serta memperlambat penyembuhan pada soket. Ekstrak bunga cengkeh (Eugenia aromatica) 80% mengandung flavonoid, eugenol, tanin, dan alkaloid yang mampu menekan pertumbuhan Streptococcus sanguinis. Alveogyl® merupakan dressing intraalveolar yang kerap digunakan untuk menangani dry socket karena mengandung senyawa aktif eugenol (>98%) sebanyak 10-25% sebagai analgesik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efek antibakteri ekstrak bunga cengkeh 80% dengan Alveogyl® terhadap bakteri Streptococcus sanguinis. Koloni Streptococcus sanguinis disimpan dalam suspensi kaldu Brain Heart Infusion kemudian diencerkan dengan NaCl fisiologis hingga konsentrasi 1,5 x 108 CFU/ml, sesuai standar McFarland 0.5. Bakteri diinokulasi pada media agar Mueller-Hinton. Ekstrak bunga cengkeh dibuat dengan metode maserasi kemudian diencerkan hingga konsentrasi 80%. Ekstrak bunga cengkeh 80% dan Alveogyl® sebagai kontrol positif diaplikasikan kedalam lubang sumuran dalam agar yang sudah ditumbuhi bakteri Streptococcus sanguinis, kemudian diinkubasi pada suhu 37°C suhu selama 24 jam. Hambatan pertumbuhan bakteri ditunjukkan dengan terbentuknya zona hambat disekeliling lubang sumuran. Diameter zona hambat dihitung menggunakan jangka sorong. Analisis data hasil penelitian menggunakan uji independent t-test menunjukkan bahwa rerata daya hambat ekstrak bunga cengkeh 80% lebih besar secara signifikan (p < 0,05) dibandingkan Alveogyl®. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ekstrak bunga cengkeh 80% memiliki kemampuan menghambat bakteri yang lebih baik dibandingkan Alveogyl®.

Streptococcus sanguinis is a commensal bacteria of the oral cavity, but when in the post-extraction socket left overgrown, it can trigger the occurrence of dry socket and slow the healing process of the socket. 80% of clove flower extract (Eugenia aromatica) contains flavonoid, eugenol, tannin, and alkaloid that can suppress the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis. Alveogyl® is an intra-alveolar dressing that is often used to treat dry socket because it contains active compound eugenol (>98%) as much as 10-25% as an analgesic. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial effect between 80% of clove flower extract with Alveogyl® against Streptococcus sanguinis. Colonies of Streptococcus sanguinis were stored in a suspension of Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth which was then diluted with NaCl to a concentration of 1.5 x 108 CFU/ml, according to the McFarland 0.5 standard. Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria were inoculated on Mueller-Hinton agar. Clove flower extract was made with maceration method and diluted until 80% concentration was reached. 80% clove flower extract and Alveogyl®, as a positive control, were applied to deep wells in the agar that had been grown with Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria, then incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The inhibition of bacterial growth was indicated by the formation of an inhibition zone around the well. The diameter of the inhibition zone was measured with a caliper. Analysis of research data using an independent t-test showed that the inhibition diameter means of 80% clove flower extract was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than Alveogyl®. This research concludes that 80% of clove flower extract has better bacteria inhibition ability than Alveogyl®.

Kata Kunci : dry socket, Streptococcus sanguinis, ekstrak bunga cengkeh, clove flower extract