Kinerja sanitarian dalam upaya pelaksanaan sanitasi :: Studi kasus di Puskesmas Kabupaten Magetan

KODERI, Prof.Dra. Johana E. Prawitasari, PhD

2003 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji kinerja sanitarian, puskesmas dalam bekerja sehari-hari, karena rendahnya angka cakupan dari kegiatan kesehatan lingkungan dibandingkan dengan target yang telah ditetapkan oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Magetan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional, suatu studi kasus dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional dengan lokasi penelitian seluruh puskesmas di Kabupaten Magetan. Subyek penelitian sejumlah 21 sanitarian puskesmas yang terdiri dari 57,14% laki-laki dan 42,86% perempuan dengan pendidikan lulusan Sekolah Pembantu Penilik Higiene (SPPH) ataupun Diploma-3 Kesehatan Lingkungan. Gambaran hasil penelitian secara deskriptif diperoleh, dari sisi pendidikan sanitarian 80,95% lulusan SPPH dan 19,05% lulusan Diploma-3 Kesehatan Lingkungan, untuk pelatihan semua sanitarian pernah mengikuti pelatihan, terbanyak menerima pelatihan 1-2 kali (66,67%). Masa kerja sanitarian paling banyak antara 11-20 tahun (71,43%), rata-rata masa kerja 17,5 tahun. Penghasilan sanitarian sebagian besar golongan III dengan gaji per bulan di atas 1 juta. Hasil analisis multiple regression menunjukkan bahwa faktor kemampuan (p = 0,026), kepemimpinan (p = 0,027) dan faktor supervisi (p = 0,014) ada hubungan dengan kinerja. Selain itu dilihat dari besarnya sumbangan pengaruh variabel prediktor (ketrampilan, kemampuan, masa kerja, motivasi, kompensasi, rekan kerja, kepemimpinan dan supervisi) terhadap variabel kriterion kinerja diperoleh hasil berturut-turut untuk faktor internal: kompensasi (B = 1,244); masa kerja (B = 0,733); motivasi (B = -0,421); dan ketrampilan (B = 0,0098). Untuk faktor eksternal berturut-turut: supervisi (B = -1,839); kompensasi (B = 1,771); kepemimpinan (B = 0,678) dan rekan kerja (B = 0,113). Dari hasil analisis tersebut disarankan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dan ketrampilan sanitarian puskesmas melalui pemberian kesempatan untuk melanjutkan pendidikan yang lebih tinggi dan banyak mengikuti pelatihan di bidang kesehatan lingkungan. Selain itu kepemimpinan yang lebih baik dari kepala puskesmas dan pelaksanaan supervisi yang berkualitas akan meningkatkan kinerja sanitarian puskesmas.

This investigation was aimed at analyzing the performance of health center sanitarians in executing their daily task, and the somewhat low accomplishment of the program targets designated by Magetan Kabupaten Health Services. The study was designed as observational assessment of a case by employing cross-sectional observation of entire health centres located in Kabupaten Magetan. Research subjects consisted of 21 sanitarians, 57, 14% male and 42,86 female, graduated from The School for Sanitarians (Sekolah Pembantu Penilik Hygiene, SPPH) and Diploma-3 (college level) in Environmental Health. Results of investigation illustrated that, in term of their formal training courses, 80,95% of the respondents were graduated from SPPH, and 19,05% of them were graduated from the D-3 Enviromental Health. With regard to additional training course, most of (66,67%) had undergone training twice. Most of the subject had acquired work duration between 11 to 20 years (71,43%) with an average of 17,5 years. Regarding their occupational status, most of them occupy grade III with salaries of above 1 million rupiahs. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the factors which have consistent correlation with sanitarian’s performance were capability (p = 0,026) and leadership (P = 0,027); but it was not the case with skill aspect. Other factor with also correlated with performance was job supervision (P = 0,014). Based on both analyses this study recommends the improvement of health centre sanitarian's capability and skills through the provision of more advanced education and more opportunities to attend training courses in environmental health. In addition to that, good leadership perform by health centre chiefs and more frequent effective supervision will also improve health centre sanitarian's performances.

Kata Kunci : Layanan Kesehatan Masyarakat,Puskesmas,Sanitasi, sanitarian, health centre, performance.