FAKTOR-FAKTOR RISIKO TERJADINYA PNEUMONIA PADA PASIEN COVID-19 DI RSUP DR SARDJITO YOGYAKARTA

RENDRA PERWIRA A, Dr. dr. Yusmein Uyun Sp.An, KAO.; Dr. dr Untung Widodo, Sp.An, KIC

2021 | Tesis-Spesialis | ANESTESIOLOGI DAN TERAPI INTENSIF

Latar belakang : Secara global, lebih dari tiga juta kasus terkonfirmasi COVID-19 dilaporkan. Menurut laporan WHO 6 Mei 2020 jumlah kasus dunia yang terkonfirmasi positif sebanyak 3 588 773, dan kematian sejumlah 247 503 orang. Pneumonia tampaknya merupakan salah satu manifestasi yang serius jika terjadi infeksi COVID 19. Faktor risiko pneumonia COVID-19 seperti pasien berusia tua ( >=60 tahun), penyakit kardiovaskuler, diabetes mellitus, hipertensi, penyakit paru kronis, kanker, penyakit ginjal kronis, obesitas, perokok, kehamilan, status immunocompromised, penyakit kardiovaskuler, stroke dan jenis kelamin laki-laki. Tujuan : Mengetahui faktor- faktor risiko pneumonia COVID-19 dan menghitung risk ratio dari masing-masing faktor risiko kasus pneumonia COVID-19 di RSUP Dr Sardjito Metode : Penelitian dengan metode kohort retrospective, subyek penelitian diambil dari bulan Maret 2020 sampai dengan Maret 2021 yang berstatus pasien rawat inap dan terkonfirmasi Covid-19 di RSUP Dr Sardjito. Hasil : Pada penelitian ini total sampel 630 pasien, dimana dari total sampel yang mendapatkan pneumonia COVID-19 sejumlah 459 pasien (72,9%), dengan proporsi lebih banyak laki-laki 334 pasien (53%). Hasil analisis multivariat diketahui bahwa faktor usia, DM tipe II, hipertensi dan jenis kelamin laki-laki yang bermakna terhadap pneumonia covid-19. Usia >=60 tahun beresiko pneumonia 1,6 kali beresiko terkena pneumonia (p=0,041 OR 1,6 95% CI=1,02-2,77), DM tipe II beresiko pneumonia covid-19 2,48 kali (p=0,001 OR 2,48, 95%CI= 1,44-4,29), hipertensi beresiko pneumonia 1,68 kali (p=0,042 OR 1,68, 95%CI=1,01-2,77), jenis kelamin laki-laki beresiko pneumonia 1,74 kali ( p=0,004, OR 1,74, 95%CI=1,2-2,57). Kesimpulan : DM tipe II, laki-laki, hipertensi dan usia >=60 tahun bermakna kuat menjadi faktor-faktor risiko terjadinya pneumonia pada pasien dengan infeksi COVID-19

Background: Globally, more than three million confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been reported. According to the WHO report on May 6, 2020, the number of confirmed positive cases in the world is 3 588 773, and has reached a total of 247 503 people dead. Pneumonia really is one of the most serious manifestations of COVID 19 infection. Risk factors for COVID-19 pneumonia include elderly patients (>=60 years), cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic lung disease, cancer, chronic kidney disease, obesity, smoking, pregnancy, immunocompromised status, cardiovascular disease, stroke and male. Objective: To know tthe risk factors for pneumonia-COVID-19 cases and calculating the risk ratio of each risk factor for suspected pneumonia-COVID-19 cases at Dr Sardjito Hospital Methods: The study used a retrospective cohort method, the research subjects were taken from March 2020 to March 2021 with the status of inpatients and confirmed Covid-19 at Dr Sardjito Hospital. Results: In this study, the total sample was 630 patients, of which 459 patients (72.9%) received COVID-19 pneumonia, with the proportion being more male, 334 patients (53%). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the factors of age, DM TIPE II, hypertension and male sex were significant for COVID-19 pneumonia. Age >=60 years is at risk of pneumonia 1.6 times the risk of developing pneumonia (p = 0.041 OR 1.6 95% CI = 1.02-2.77), DM TIPE II has a risk of COVID-19 pneumonia 2.48 times (p = 0.001 OR 2 ,48, 95%CI=1.44-4.29), hypertension risk of pneumonia 1.68 times (p=0.042 OR 1.68, 95%CI=1.01-2.77), male gender risk of pneumonia 1.74 times (p=0.004, OR 1.74, 95%CI=1.2-2.57). Conclusion: Type II DM, male, hypertension and age 60 years are strong risk factors for pneumonia in patients with COVID-19 infection

Kata Kunci : Pneumonia, Covid -19, risk factors, comorbid