Prevalensi dan faktor-faktor penyebab mastitis klinis dan subklinis pada sapi perah rakyat di Kabupaten Semarang Propinsi Jawa Tengah

SUTARTI, Eko, Prof.drh. Setyawan Budiharta, MPH.,PhD

2003 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner

Kajian tentang prevalensi dan faktor- faktor penyebab mastitis klinis dan subklinis pada sapi perah rakyat di kabupaten Semarang propinsi Jawa Tengah telah dilakukan terhadap 237 sampel sapi perah rakyat di kabupaten Semarang. Teknik yang digunakan untuk pengambilan sampel adalah tahapan ganda (two stage sampling), selanjutnya pemilihan peternak menggunakan convenient sampling, sedang pemilihan ternak dengan teknik klaster. Diagnosis mastitis subklinis dilakukan dengan reagen California Mastitis Test (CMT) dan yang klinis diperiksa secara fisik. Seekor sapi dinyatakan menderita mastitis bila paling tidak salah satu kuartirnya didiagnosis positif mastitis. Satu peternak dinyatakan positif mastitis bila paling tidak ada satu ekor sapinya menderita mastitis. Faktor-faktor yang berasosiasi dengan mastitis didapat dari regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi mastitis pada sapi perah di Kabupaten Semarang pada tingkat peternak 46,61 %, dan pada tingkat ternak 35,86 %. Prevalensi mastitis subklinis dan klinis pada tingkat kuartir sebesar 19,1 % (181/948) dan 0,9 % (9/948). Pada kejadian mastitis subklinis pada ternak faktor-faktor adalah tempat pembuangan limbah, kebersihan sesudah diperah, kualitas/kebersihan air, kebersihan lantai kandang, dan kebersihan sapi berasosiasi negatip. Faktor-faktor yang lain yakni jumlah pemilikan ternak, lokasi pemeraha n, sumber air, kebersihan lingkungan kandang dan umur berasosiasi positip. Pada kejadian mastitis klinis, faktor- faktor yang berpengaruh adalah kualitas/kebersihan air, kebersihan alat-alat pemerahan, dan kebersihan lingkungan kandang berasosiasi negatip. Faktor-faktor yang lain yakni drainase/saluran pembuangan, pengalaman beternak berasosiasi positip. Pada kejadian mastitis secara menyeluruh, faktor-faktor yang mendukung tempat pembuangan limbah, kebersihan ambing sesudah diperah, kualitas/kebesihan air, kebersihan lantai kandang, dan kebersihan sapi berasosiasi negatip. Faktor- faktor yang lain yakni jumlah pemilikan ternak, lokasi pemerahan, sumber air, kebersihan lingkungan kandang dan umur berasosiasi positip.

A study on the prevalence of and factors associated with both clinical and subclinical mastitis in smallholders dairy cows in the district of Semarang, Central Java was conducted using 237 heads of cows in the district. Combination of two stage, convenient, and cluster sampling was used to obtain the sample cows. Subclinical mastitis was diagnosed by means of California Mastitis Test (CMT), whereas physical examination was used to detect clinical mastitis. A cow was designated as suffering from mastitis if at least one of its quarters was diagnosed as mastitis. A farm was designated as mastitis if it had at least one mastitis cow. Factors associated with the infection was determined by a logistic regression. The results showed the prevalence of mastitis at farm and animal level were 46,61 % and 35,86 %, respectively Prevalence of mastitis at quarters level was found to be 19.1 % and 0.9 % for subclinical and clinical mastitis, respectively. Factor negatively associated with subclinical mastitis were waste disposal ditch, cleanliness of the cow after milking, water quality, cleanliness of the barn floor and cleanliness of the cow itself. Factors of number of cows, special place for milking, water source, environmental sanitation and age of the cow were positively associated with the infection. Factor negatively associated with clinical mastitis were water quality, cleanliness of the equipment milking and environmental sanitation of the cow itself. Factors of drainage, and experience of the farmer were positively associated with the infection. Factor negatively associated with mastit is were waste disposal ditch, cleanliness of the cow after milking, water quality, cleanliness of the barn floor and cleanliness of the cow itself. Factors of number of cows, special place for milking, water source, environmental sanitation and age of the cow were positively associated with the infection.

Kata Kunci : prevalensi, mastitis, faktor, sapi perah rakyat, regresi logistik, prevalence, mastitis, factor, smallholder dairy cow, logistic regression