PERSEPSI KELUARGA TERHADAP ANCAMAN COVID-19 PADA PENDERITA STROKE (STUDI PADA POPULASI HDSS SLEMAN)

LUSIA LERO MAYA SARI, Dr. Supriyati, S.Sos, M.Kes;Dr. dr. Prima Dhewi R, M.Biotech

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

Latar belakang: COVID-19 telah menjadi pandemi global. Indonesia khususnya Yogyakarta termasuk yang terkena dampaknya dengan tingginya kasus positif COVID-19. COVID-19 juga menjadi ancaman bagi orang yang memiliki riwayat penyakit penyerta (komorbiditas) tertentu, termasuk penyakit stroke. Prevalensi penyakit stroke di Propinsi DIY meningkat beberapa tahun terakhir. Data Health Demographic Surveillance System Sleman juga menunjukkan tingginya angka penderita stroke di Kecamatan Depok Kabupaten Sleman. Sebuah kajian perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui persepsi keluarga terhadap ancaman COVID-19 bagi penderita stroke. Tujuan penelitian: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi persepsi keluarga terhadap ancaman COVID-19 pada penderita stroke (studi pada populasi HDSS Sleman) Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan rancangan penelitian fenomenologi. Informan penelitian adalah keluarga yang merawat penderita stroke dan terdata pada HDSS Sleman. Jumlah informan 8 orang. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2021. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi foto. Data dianalisis menggunakan OpenCode versi 4.02. Keabsahan data dilakukan dengan triangulasi sumber data. Hasil: Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Condong Catur dan Desa Caturtunggal. Status kesehatan penderita stroke saat wawancara yaitu sembuh sebelum pandemi, meninggal dalam masa pandemi namun bukan disebabkan COVID-19 dan yang masih dalam situasi sakit stroke. Persepsi keluarga yang merawat penderita stroke terhadap ancaman COVID-19 bahwa yang beresiko terpapar dan alami kesakitan adalah kelompok lanjut usia dan memiliki komorbiditas; selain itu ketakutan akan kemungkinan terpapar, akan biaya pengujian COVID-19, lakukan swab atau pemeriksaan juga ditunjukkan keluarga. Keluarga yang merawat penderita stroke memilih melakukan vaksin agar aman dan terhindar dari penularan. Melakukan aksi pencegahan yang bermanfaat bagi penderita stroke seperti menggunakan masker saat melayani, menyediakan air cucian tangan bagi penderita stroke dan menjauhkan penderita stroke dari orang lain (tamu) bila berkunjung. Upaya menghindarkan diri dari stress dan pikiran negatif dengan memilih berita selain COVID-19 ditunjukkan keluarga yang merawat penderita stroke. Keyakinan diri dalam mempertahankan tindakan pencegahan ditunjukkan agar terhindar dari penularan. Kesimpulan: Keluarga yang merawat penderita stroke merasa terancam akan paparan COVID-19. Selama pandemi COVID-19 pengobatan penderita stroke di antisipasi sendiri oleh keluarga di rumah dan menghindari kunjungan ke fasilitas kesehatan seperti puskesmas dan rumah sakit karena takut terpapar COVID-19. Berbagai upaya atau aksi pencegahan penularan COVID-19 dilakukan keluarga untuk menghindari diri sendiri dan khususnya penderita stroke dari paparan COVID-19.

Background: COVID-19 has become a global pandemic. Indonesia especially Yogyakarta, is among those affected by the high number of positive cases of COVID-19. COVID-19 is also a threat to people who have a history of certain comorbidities, including stroke. The prevalence of stroke in DIY Province has increased in recent years. Sleman Health Demographic Surveillance System data also shows a high number of sufferer stroke in Depok District, Sleman Regency. A study needs to be carried out to determine family perceptions of the threat of COVID-19 for stroke survivors. Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore family perceptions of the threat of COVID-19 in stroke survivors (study on the HDSS Sleman population). Methods: This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological research design. Research informants was families who care for stroke survivors and was recorded on HDSS Sleman. Research informants amounted to 8 people. Data collection was carried out in July-August 2021. Data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews and photo documentation. Data were analyzed using OpenCode version 4.02. Data validity was done by triangulation of data sources. Results: The research was conducted in Condong Catur Village and Caturtunggal Village. The health status of the stroke survivors during the interview was recovered before the pandemic, died during the pandemic but not caused by COVID-19 and who was still in a stroke situation. Perception of families caring for stroke survivors against the threat of COVID-19 that those who are at risk of being exposed and experiencing pain are the elderly group and have comorbidities; In addition, the fear of possible exposure, the cost of testing for COVID-19, doing a swab or examination is also shown by the family. Families who care for stroke survivors choose to vaccinate to be safe and avoid transmission. Take preventive actions that are beneficial for stroke survivors such as wearing masks when serving, provide hand washing water for stroke survivors and keep stroke survivors away from other people (guests) when visiting. Efforts to avoid stress and negative thoughts by choosing news other than COVID-19 are shown by families who care for stroke survivors. Confidence in maintaining preventive measures is shown to avoid contagion. Conclusion: Families who care for stroke survivors feel threatened by exposure to COVID-19. During the COVID-19 pandemic, stroke survivors anticipate their own treatment at home and avoid visits to health facilities such as health centers and hospitals for fear of being exposed to COVID-19. Various efforts or actions to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 are carried out by families to avoid themselves and especially stroke survivors from exposure to COVID-19.

Kata Kunci : Persepsi, ancaman COVID-19, komorbiditas, stroke