ANALISIS RISIKO LIKUIDITAS BANK UMUM GO PUBLIC DAN BANK UMUM NON GO PUBLIC DI INDONESIA SEBELUM DAN SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19

NOVALIN DANE MONICA, Bowo Setiyono, S.E., M.Com., Ph.D.,

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER MANAJEMEN (KAMPUS JAKARTA)

Pandemi virus covid-19 yang terjadi sejak Maret 2020 di Indonesia memiliki dampak terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional. Pembatasan aktivitas masyarakat sangat berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas bisnis dan roda perekonomian nasional. Persepsi bahwa masyarakat cenderung akan menarik dana tunai secara masif, penurunan tingkat pendapatan dan konsumsi, serta kredit macet di era pandemi covid-19 telah menimbulkan kekhawatiran tidak dapat terpenuhinya rasio likuiditas dan terjadinya risiko likuiditas perbankan. Untuk itu likuiditas semua golongan bank dipastikan harus tercukupi karena akan berdampak pada krisis sistemik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbedaan risiko likuiditas antara bank umum go public dan bank umum non go public pada periode sebelum dan selama pandemi covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan 22 sampel bank umum go public dan 22 bank umum non go public dengan periode penelitian yaitu kuartal 1 2019 - kuartal 1 2020 (sebelum pandemi) dan kuartal 2 2020 – kuartal 2 2021 (selama pandemi). Proksi rasio likuiditas yang merupakan instrumen penelitian ini meliputi Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR), Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR), AL/DPK, AL/NCD, dan GWM. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif serta uji non parametrik dengan metode uji mann whitney-u dengan tingkat signifikansi 5% karena uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas tidak terpenuhi Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bank umum non go public memiliki rasio likuiditas yang lebih tinggi daripada bank umum go public baik sebelum dan selama covid-19. Hal ini menyiratkan bahwa akses pendanaan dan informasi asimetri yang diperoleh tidak mempengaruhi kondisi likuiditas suatu bank. Faktor yang dapat menyebabkan rasio bank non go public lebih tinggi antara lain bank go public lebih berani untuk berinvestasi pada aset yang tidak likuid, pengawasan ketat dan akses likuiditas dari induk perusahaan perbankan di luar negeri. Dari pengukuran nilai rata-rata masing-masing variabel rasio likuiditas teridentifikasi baik bank go public dan bank non go public sama-sama memiliki tingkat risiko rendah sebelum dan selama masa pandemi covid-19 karena mampu mencapai threshold likuiditas yang ditetapkan OJK dan Bank Indonesia.

The covid-19 virus pandemic that occurred since March 2020 in Indonesia has had an impact on national economic growth. Restrictions on community activities greatly affect business activities and the wheels of the national economy. The perception that people are likely to withdraw massive cash, decreased income and consumption levels, and bad credit in the era of the covid-19 pandemic has raised concerns of the unfulfillment of liquidity ratios and the occurrence of banking liquidity risks. For this reason, the liquidity of all groups of banks must be fulfilled because it will have an impact on systemic crises. The purpose of the study was to analyze the difference in liquidity risk between commercial banks going public and non-public commercial banks in the period before and during the covid-19 pandemic. The study used 22 samples of commercial banks going public and 22 non-public commercial banks with research periods namely quarter 1 2019 - quarter 1 2020 (before pandemic) and quarter 2 2020 - quarter 2 2021 (during pandemic). The liquidity ratio proxies that are these research instruments include Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR), Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR), AL/DPK, AL/NCD, and GWM. The data analysis method uses descriptive statistical analysis and non-parametric tests with mann whitney-u test methods with a significance rate of 5% because normality tests and homogeneity tests are not met. The results showed that non-public commercial banks had higher liquidity ratios than commercial banks going public both before and during covid-19. This implies that access to funding and asymmetry information obtained does not affect the liquidity condition of a bank. Factors that can lead to higher ratios of non-public banks include banks going public more boldly to invest in illiquid assets, close supervision and liquidity access from overseas banking holding companies. From the measurement of the average value of each liquidity ratio variable identified both banks go public and non-go public banks both have low levels of risk before and during the covid-19 pandemic because they are able to reach the liquidity threshold set by OJK and Bank Indonesia

Kata Kunci : Bank, intermediasi keuangan, likuiditas, risiko likuiditas, go public, pandemi covid-19, LDR, NSFR, LCR, AL/DPK, AL/NCD, GWM