HUBUNGAN PERTUMBUHAN PENDUDUK-DAN EKONOMI DENGAN ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN SAWAH KE NONSAWAH DI PULAU JAWA

ASHARI, Dr. Ir. M. Maksum. M.SAE; Ir. Ken Suratiyah, MS

2001 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Pertanian

Penelitan ini dilaksanakan di Jawa yang meliputi lima propinsi yaitu DKI Jakarta, dawa Barat, dawa Tengah, DI Yogyakarta, dan Jawa Timur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui has lahan sawah yang terkonversi serta penggunaan baru, hubungan antara pertumbuhan penduduk dan ekonomi dengan has lahan sawah, dampk konversi lahan sawah terhadap produksi beras dan peranan sektor tanaman pangan terhadap perekonomian wilayah serta ingin mengetahui peraturan pemerintah untuk mencegah konversi lahan sawah. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa data runtun wuktu (time serres) tahun 1982- 1998. Data diperoleh dari berbagai instansi, Kantor Statistik wilayah di lima propinsi, Badan Pusat Statistik Jakarta, Badan Pertanahan Nasional dan Departemen Pertanian. Di samping itu juga dilengkapi dengan informasi untuk mempejelas data serta yang berkaitan dengan hasil penelitian. Analisis ekonometrik menggunakan Ordznury Leust Squure (OLS) dengan model regesi berganda. Had penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) trend has lahan sawah di pulau Jawa cenderung menurun dengan laju pertumbuhan -0,29% per tahun. Konversi lahan sawah di Jawa termasuk dalam kategori “tinggi” berdasarkan skenario Cipanas, namun besarnya fluktuatif setiap tahunnya. Penggunaan selanjutnya digunakan untuk perurnahan dan industri (2). Pertumbuhan penduduk masih memiliki hubungan positip dengan luas lahan sawah di pulau Jawa, kecuali di DKI Jakarta dan DI Yograkarta. Sedangkan pertumbuhan ekonomi berpengaruh negatif terhadap has lahan sawah, di semua propinsi di pulau Jawa, (3) Pulau Jawa masih menjadi basis produksi beras di Indonesia yang terbukti dengan kontribusinya yang lebih besar dari 50%, dan tetap berswasembada beras menurut Konsep Esmara, Depkes, dan NBM (4) Tanaman pangan masih menjadi basis ekonomi di pulau Jawa, dan (5) Peraturam’perundang-undangan untuk mencegah konversi lahan telah banyak dikeluarkan pemerintah, tetapi belum efektif dalam pelaksanaannya. Untuk mencegah terjadinya konversi lahan sawah, pemerintah hendaknya meningkatkan penegakan hukum serta memberikan insentif bagi petani agar meningkat kesejahteraannya sehingga tidak mengalihkan lahannya ke penggunaan lain.

This research was conducted in Java island. that consist of five provinces, namely DKI Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, DI Yogyakarta, and East Java. The objectives of this research were to know about the width of wet land conversion and its new uses, the relationships between population and economic with wet land conversion, the conversion impact to rice production and role of farm food crop to regional economic and to know the policies have been released for preventing wet land conversion. The data in ths research were the secondary data; that is time series data since 1982 to 1998, that were collected from some government institutions such as: Statistical Official in tive provinces, Central Beaureu Statistic Jakarta, National Agrarian Agency, and Department of Agriculture. Besides of that some information was collected to support this research. A multivariate regression analysis was employed for examining the relationship between variable population and economic -gr owth with conversion of wet land by using ordinary least square method. The result of this research was showing (1) the trend of wet land area in Java was decrease, with average growth -0,29% per year. The rate of conversion is “high’ according to Cipanas category, but the width of conversion is fluctuating every year. The most use of wet land after conversion is for residential and industrial uses. (2) Population growth still has positive relationship with wet land area in Java except in DKI Jakarta and DI Yogyakarta, whereas economic growth influence negatively in all provinces of Java. (3) Java Island still as a main rice production in Indonesia, that is proved by its contribution more than 50%: and Java survives its self sufficiency of rice based on Esmara, Health Department, and Food Balance Sheet concepts. (4) Food crop farm sector has been contributing significantly for regional economic in Java Island, (5) Government has released some policies to prevent wet land conversion, but the implementations have not been effective yet. To prevent wet land conversion in future, government should strengthen the law enforcement and give the integrated incentives for farmers to increase their life prosperity. This effort is conducted to keep them for working in agricultural fields.

Kata Kunci : Penduduk, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Konversi Lahan, Swasembada, produksi beras