Shellac Termodifikasi Sebagai Biokomposit Pada Pelapisan Material Kemasan Pangan

NANIK DWI NURHAYATI, Prof. Dr.rer.nat Karna Wijaya, M.Eng; Prof. Dr. Triyono, S.U., Prof. Dr. Eddy Heraldy, M.Si.

2022 | Disertasi | DOKTOR KIMIA

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh shellac dari seedlac hasil sekresi serangga Laccifer Lacca di pohon kesambi, memodifikasi shellac melalui proses hidrolisis dan proses esterifikasi dengan anhidrida ftalat, mempelajari pengaruh penambahan pemlastis polietilen glikol, pluronik, dan nanofil 116 pada shellac. Shellac diperoleh melalui ekstraksi pelarut etanol. Biokomposit lapisan shellac dan nanofil 116 dengan pemlastis dibuat dengan metode interkalasi sebagai pelapis pada kertas kemasan pangan. Biokomposit shellac-serat ampas tebu (SH-Bg) dibuat dari shellac-asam sitrat dan serat ampas tebu berbagai komposisi dengan hot press pada suhu 80 0C dan tekanan 60 Kgf/cm2. Karakterisasi lapisan shellac melalui identifikasi dengan fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), water vapour transmition rate (WVTR), x-ray diffractometer (XRD), tensile strength machine (UTM), dan scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan shellac dapat diperoleh dari seedlac kesambi dengan penyusun utama asam aleuritik. Penambahan pemlastis polietilen glikol 400 dan pluronik 473 pada lapisan shellac konsentrasi sebesar 10% mampu memperbaiki sifat mekanik lapisan kemasan SH:P:NNF, meningkatkan sifat perintang dan stabilitas termal shellac. Penambahan nanofil 116 sebesar 15% pada lapisan kemasan mampu memperbaiki sifat penghalang terhadap uap air. Selain itu dapat meningkatkan sifat termal, persentase penurunan massa selama biodegradasi pada hari ke 56 sebesar 45%, dan meningkatkaan sifat mekanik pada lapisan kemasan SHL:P:NNF(75:10:15). Biokomposit shellac-serat ampas tebu (SH-Bg) komposisi 60:40 mempunyai kekuatan tarik sebesar 0,6 MPa dan pemanjangan putus 0,45%.

The aims of this research were to obtain shellac from seedlac secreted the insect Laccifer Lacca on the kesambi tree, to modified shellac through hydrolysis and esterification processes with phthalic anhydride, to study the effect of polyethylene glycol, pluronic, and nanofil 116 plasticizers to shellac. Shellac was obtained by solvent extraction. Shellac and nanofil 116 as biocomposites with plasticizers were made using the intercalation method as food packaging coatings. Shellac-bagasse fiber (Sh-Bg) as biocomposite was prepared from shellac-citric acid and bagasse fiber by hot pressing at a temperature of 80 0C and a pressure of 60 Kgf/cm2. Characterization of the film shellac through identification with fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), x-ray diffractometer (XRD), tensile strength machine (UTM), and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX). The results showed that shellac can be obtained from kesambi seedlac containing of aleuritic acid. The addition of plasticizers polyethylene glycol 400 and pluronic 473 at a concentration of 10% was able to improve the mechanical properties of the SH:P:NNF packaging layer. The addition of 15% nanofil 116 to shellac was able to improve water vapor permeability, the thermal properties, the percentage decrease in mass during biodegradation day 56 by 45%, and the mechanical properties of the SHL:P:NNF(75:10:15) packaging layer. The shellac-bagasse fiber (SH-Bg) biocomposite has a tensile strength at 60:40 composition of 0.6 MPa and elongation at break of 0.45%.

Kata Kunci : shellac, modifikasi, pelapisan kemasan, karakterisasi