Rancangan Dasar Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya Terapung (PLTST) di Danau Maninjau, Sumatera Barat

M RIZKI ARIFIANTO, Dr. Rachmawan Budiarto, S.T., M.T. ; Irawan Eko Prabowo. S.T ., M.Eng.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNIK FISIKA

Sumatera Barat memiliki angka konsumsi listrik sebesar 3,445 GWh/tahun. Menurut Rencana Umum Ketenagalistrikan Nasional (RUKN), Sumatera Barat mengalami kekurangan energi sebesar 51MW/tahun. Pemerintah menargetkan penambahan pembangkit berbasis EBT untuk menghindari terjadinya kekurangan energi listrik. Namun, kondisi lahan yang cenderung mahal membuat PLTS-Terapung menjadi salah satu solusi penambahan pembangkit dengan memanfaatkan Danau Maninjau sebagai lokasi pembangunan. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan rancangan dasar PLTS-Terapung di Danau Maninjau. Perancangan dilakukan dengan proses pemilihan komponen yang sesuai dan dilanjutkan dengan menganalisa kinerja sistem baik efisiensi, performance ratio, capacity factor, dan energi yang dihasilkan. Dalam proses analisa investasi dilakukan perhitungan terhadap CAPEX, OPEX, dan decommissioning. Analisa emisi karbon dilakukan dengan membandingan emisi yang dihasilkan oleh PLTS-Terapung, PLTU, dan jaringan listrik sektor Sumatera sehingga diketahui besar reduksi emisi karbon yang terjadi. Hasil perancangan PLTS-Terapung yang memiliki kapasitas 50MWp, dengan luas area 669.027 m2, 92.600 panel surya monofacial, 15 inverter, dan 216.989 floater dapat menghasilkan energi rata-rata sebesar 67,97 GWh/tahun. Kinerja sistem PLTS-Terapung memiliki efisiensi sebesar 17,2%, performance ratio 84%, dan capacity factor sebesar 16%. Biaya investasi yang dibutuhkan untuk rancangan ini sebesar Rp.518 miliar. Jika dibandingkan dengan PLTU, terjadi reduksi karbon sebesar 57.782 tonCO2/tahun dan sebesar 60.500 tonCO2/tahun jika dibandingkan dengan jaringan listrik sektor Sumatera.

West Sumatera has an electricity consumption rate of 3,445 GWh/year. According to the General Plan for National Electricity (RUKN), West Sumatra experience an energy shortage of 51MW/year. The government is targeting the addition of NRE-based power plant to avoid a shortage of electrical energy. However, land condition that tend to be expensive make Floating Solar Power Plant one of the solutions for being additional power plant by utilizing Maninjau Lake as a construction site. Therefore, a basic design of Floating Solar Power in Maninjau Lake is needed. The design is carried out with the process of selecting the appropriate component and preceeding by analyzing system performance efficiency, performance ratio, capacity factor, and generated energy. In the investment analysis process, calculation are made of CAPEX, OPEX, and decommissioning. Carbon emission analysis is carried out by comparing the emissions produced by Floating Solar Power Plant, Steam Power Plant, and Sumatera electricity network, a comparison is made to the emission produced by the Steam Power Plant and the Sumatra electricity network so that is know how much reduction of carbon emission occurs. The results of the design of a floating solar power plant have a capacity of 50MWp, with an area of 669,027 m2, 92,600 monofacial solar panels, 15 inverters, and 216,989 floaters which are capable of producing average energy of 67.97 GWh/year. The performance of a floating solar power plant in Lake Maninjau has an efficiency of 17.2%, a performance ratio of 84%, and a capacity factor of 16%. The investment cost required to realize this design is Rp. 518 billion. The floating solar power plant can reduce carbon emissions by 57,782 tons CO2/year when compared to Steam Power Plant and by 60,500 tons CO2/year when compared to the Sumatra sector electricity network.

Kata Kunci : Floating solar power plant, Lake Maninjau, Monofacial, energy potential, investment cost.