Analisis Tingkat Kerentanan Sosial Wilayah terhadap Bencana COVID-19 di Jawa Tengah

NURUL QOMARIYAH, Dr. Estuning Tyas Wulan Mei, M.Si.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH

Bencana COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) memberikan dampak sosial ekonomi di berbagai wilayah, termasuk Jawa Tengah. Kejadian bencana COVID-19 berpotensi memperparah kerentanan sosial. Analisis tingkat kerentanan sosial terhadap bencana COVID-19 menarik dan penting untuk mengidentifikasi sebaran kondisi kerentanan wilayah secara sosial ekonomi yang dikaitkan dengan kejadian bencana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) Menganalisis tingkat kerentanan sosial wilayah di Jawa Tengah, (2) Menganalisis distribusi spasial dan temporal bencana COVID-19 di Jawa Tengah, (3) Menganalisis distribusi spasial tingkat kerentanan sosial wilayah terhadap bencana COVID-19 di Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis kuantitatif dengan perhitungan Principle Component Analysis (PCA) dan Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat kerentanan sosial wilayah di Jawa Tengah. Analisis tingkat bencana COVID-19 menggunakan data kumulatif kasus positif yang dianalisis secara spasial dan temporal menggunakan ArcGIS. Analisis tingkat kerentanan sosial terhadap bencana COVID-19 menggunakan metode scoring dan analisis tumpangsusun untuk mengidentifikasi tipologi kerentanan wilayah di setiap kabupaten/kota serta distribusi spasial kondisi kerentanan wilayah. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder meliputi data statistik dan data jumlah kasus terkonfirmasi positif COVID-19 (Maret 2020 – Juli 2021) setiap kabupaten/kota di Jawa Tengah. Hasil analisis kerentanan sosial menunjukkan bahwa Jawa Tengah memiliki 4 wilayah dengan tingkat kerentanan sosial sangat tinggi yaitu Kabupaten Cilacap, Kabupaten Banyumas, Kabupaten Brebes, dan Kota Semarang. Sedangkan sekitar 46% wilayah Jawa Tengah memiliki tingkat kerentanan sosial sedang. Jawa Tengah memiliki distribusi spasial dan temporal bencana COVID-19 terkonsentrasi pada wilayah dengan jumlah penduduk dan kepadatan penduduk tinggi. Kota Semarang sebagai wilayah dengan tingkat bencana COVID-19 tertinggi di Jawa Tengah dipengaruhi tingginya jumlah kasus positif COVID-19. Jawa Tengah memiliki 3 wilayah dengan tingkat kerentanan sosial terhadap bencana COVID-19 sangat tinggi yaitu Kota Semarang, Kabupaten Cilacap, dan Kabupaten Banyumas. Sedangkan sekitar 43% atau hampir setengah dari total wilayah kabupaten/kota di Jawa Tengah memiliki tingkat kerentanan sosial terhadap bencana COVID-19 sedang.

COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) disaster has had a socio-economic impact in various regions, including Central Java. COVID-19 disaster has the potential to exacerbate social vulnerabilities. Analysis of the level of social vulnerability to the COVID-19 disaster is interesting and important to identify the distribution of the socio-economic vulnerability of the region associated with disaster events. This study aims to: (1) analyze the level of regional social vulnerability in Central Java, (2) analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of the COVID-19 disaster in Central Java, (3) analyze the spatial distribution of the level of regional social vulnerability to the COVID-19 disaster in Central Java. This study uses a quantitative analysis method with the calculation of the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and the Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) to identify the level of regional social vulnerability in Central Java. COVID-19 disaster level analysis uses cumulative data of positive cases which are analyzed spatially and temporally using ArcGIS. Analysis of the level of social vulnerability to COVID-19 disaster uses scoring and overlay analysis methods to identify the typology of regional vulnerability in each district/city as well as the spatial distribution of regional vulnerability conditions. This study uses secondary data including statistical data and data on the number of positive confirmed cases of COVID-19 (March 2020 – July 2021) for each district/city in Central Java. The results of the social vulnerability analysis show that Central Java has 4 areas with very high levels of social vulnerability, namely Cilacap Regency, Banyumas Regency, Brebes Regency, and Semarang City. Meanwhile, about 46% of the Central Java region has a moderate level of social vulnerability. Central Java has the spatial and temporal distribution of the COVID-19 disaster, which is concentrated in areas with a high population and population density. Semarang City as the area with the highest COVID-19 disaster rate in Central Java is influenced by the high number of positive COVID-19 cases. Central Java has 3 areas with a very high level of social vulnerability to the COVID-19 disaster, namely Semarang City, Cilacap Regency, and Banyumas Regency. Meanwhile, around 43% or almost half of the total districts/cities in Central Java have a moderate level of social vulnerability to the COVID-19 disaster.

Kata Kunci : Kerentanan Sosial, Indeks Kerentanan Sosial, Bencana, COVID-19