KINERJA SAPI INDUK PERANAKAN ONGOLE DIBANDINGKAN BRAHMAN CROSS YANG DIINSEMINASI SEMEN LIMOUSIN PADA PETERNAKAN RAKYAT

RAHMAT ANWAR, Prof. Dr. Ir., Endang Baliarti, SU. ; Dr. Ir., Sigit Bintara, S.Pt.,M.Si., IPU., ASEAN Eng.

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU PETERNAKAN

Usaha pembiakan di Indonesia umumnya berada di peternakan rakyat, menggunakan berbagai bangsa di antaranya sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) dan sapi Brahman Cross (BX). Perkawinan pada umumnya dilakukan dengan inseminasi buatan dengan salah satu semen yang digunakan adalah dari pejantan Limousin. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji kinerja induk sapi PO dan BX yang diinseminasi dengan semen Limousin. Lokasi penelitian adalah di Peternakan Palagan Rojokoyo desa Tlogosadang, Kabupaten Lamongan, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Masing-masing 10 ekor sapi induk PO dan BX berumur 3,5�4,0 tahun, bobot badan berkisar 365-430 kg, sudah pernah beranak, digunakan dalam penelitian. Observasi dilakukan pada induk bunting tua sampai menghasilkan pedet umur 90 hari. Selama penelitian, sapi diberi pakan berupa King grass, tebon jagung kering, tongkol jagung fermentasi. Data yang dicatat meliputi bobot badan dan ukuran tubuh saat kebuntingan akhir, segera setelah beranak, dan saat menyapih (umur 90 hari). Untuk pedet, data yang dicatat meliputi bobot badan saat lahir, saat sapih, dan pertambahan bobot badan harian (PBBH) prasapih. Produksi susu induk dicatat selama 10 hari. Ada tidak perbedaan Post Partum Estrus (PPE), Post Partum Mating (PPM), Service/Conception (S/C), Days open (DO) sapi PO dan BX dianalisis dengan uji t. Berat lahir, berat sapih serta pertambahan bobot badan harian (PBBH) pedet Limousin x Brahman (Limbra) dan Limousin x PO (Limpo) dianalisis kovariansi, dengan jenis kelamin sebagai kovariabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan induk PO lebih baik dibanding BX untuk PPE, PPM, S/C, DO. Produksi susu induk BX menunjukkan perbedaan nyata . Pertambahan berat badan harian pra sapih dan berat sapih pedet Limbra lebih baik dari Limpo. Disimpulkan bahwa kinerja sapi induk PO lebih baik dibandingkan BX untuk parameter PPE, PPM, S/C, DO, namun untuk pertambahan bobot badan harian pedet, Limbra lebih tinggi. Untuk program pengembangan sapi potong di waktu yang akan datang, penggunaan sapi induk PO atau Brahman Cross direkomendasikan sama baiknya.

Breeding in Indonesia is generally held on smallholder farming systems, using various breeds, including Ongole Grade (OG) and Brahman Cross (BX) cattle. Mating is generally carried out by artificial insemination; one of the favorite semens is Limousin. The study was aimed to determine the performances of OG and BX cows inseminated with Limousin semen. The study site was Palagan Rojokoyo Farm in Tlogosadang Village, Lamongan District, East Java. Each of the 10 OG and BX cows aged 3.5�4.0 years, whose body weight ranged from 365�430 kg, had given birth before being used in the research. Observation was done in the third trimester of cow�s pregnancy until their calves reached 90 days of age. During the study, the cows were fed by King grass, dry maize stalks, and fermented corn cobs. The data recorded included body weight and body size at the end of pregnancy, immediately after giving birth, and at weaning (age 90 days). Observed data for calves were body weight at birth, weaning, and daily body weight gain for pre-weaning. Cow's milk production was recorded for 10 days. There was no difference in post partum estrus (PPE), post partum mating (PPM), service per conception (S/C), Days open of OG and BX cattle analyzed by t-test. Birth weight, weaning, and daily body weight gain of Limbra and Limpo calves were analyzed for covariance, where gender was a covariable. The results showed that parent OG was better than BX for PPE, PPM, S/C, and Days open. Limbra calves were better than Limpo for pre-weaning and weaning weight. It was concluded that the performance of OG cows was better than BX for the parameters of PPE, PPM, S/C, and Days open, but for pre-weaning Average Daily Gain, Limbra calf was higher. Using OG or Brahman Cross cows for breeding was the same in the future.

Kata Kunci : Kinerja induk, Brahman Cross, Peranakan Ongole, Limbra dan Limpo.