Pemahaman dan Penanganan Sampah pada Masyarakat di RT 01, RW 24, Plemburan, Dusun Nglempongsari, Desa Sariharjo, Kapanewon Ngaglik, Kabupaten Sleman, DIY

INGGIT MUHAMMAD R, Prof. Dr. Susetiawan, SU

2021 | Skripsi | S1 PEMBANGUNAN SOSIAL DAN KESEJAHTERAAN

Manusia akan menghasilkan material sisa selama hidupnya. Material sisa dari aktivitas manusia dan atau proses alam kita sebut sebagai sampah. Indonesia adalah negara ke-2 penghasil sampah plastik terbesar di dunia. Dalam laporan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan pada tahun 2020 menyebut produksi sampah nasional mencapai 67,8 juta ton sampah per-tahun atau terdapat 185.753 ton sampah diproduksi setiap harinya oleh 270 juta penduduk Indonesia. Pengelolaan sampah di Indonesia belum baik. Hal ini menyebabkan pencemaran air, tanah, dan udara. Selain pencemaran lingkungan, sampah dapat memicu gangguan kesehatan pada manusia. Walaupun sudah terdapat regulasi dan peraturan pemerintah mengenai pengelolaan sampah, masyarakat masih belum menjalankan poin peraturan tersebut. Melihat buruknya kondisi penanganan sampah di Indonesia, peneliti merumuskan masalah penelitian Bagaimana pemahaman dan penanganan sampah pada masyarakat di RT 01, RW 24, Plemburan, Dusun Nglempongsari, Desa Sariharjo, Kapanewon Ngaglik, Kabupaten Sleman, DIY? Kemudian diturunkan pertanyaan Bagaimana pemahaman masyarakat perihal sampah? dan Bagaimana praktik penanganan sampah pada masyarakat? Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif untuk menjelaskan hasil penelitian. Lokasi penelitian berada di RT 01, RW 24, Plemburan, Dusun Nglempongsari, Desa Sariharjo, Kapanewon Ngaglik, Kabupaten Sleman, DIY. Terdapat 5 KK sebagai informan penelitian yang dipilih dengan cara purposive. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara dengan bentuk FGD (Focus Group Discussion), dokumentasi, dan kepustakaan. Segala bentuk data yang didapatkan sudah diuji kembali kebenarannya. Analisis data penelitian dilakukan dengan mentranskrip data, menggolongkan data, dan menginterpretasi data. Menurut Alfred Schutz (1970), setiap orang memiliki persedian stok ilmu pengetahuan (Stock of Knowledge) yang dibangun dari pengalaman, ilmu pengetahuan, dan teknologi. Stok pengetahuan inilah yang mempengaruhi perilaku manusia. Schutz juga menambahkan bahwa, Pendistribusian stok pengetahuan dialami sehari-hari oleh masyarakat. Pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai pemahaman dan penanganan sampah sangat beragam. Hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh stok pengetahuan yang beragam pula. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat di RT 01, RW 24, Plemburan, Dusun Nglempongsari, Desa Sariharjo, Kapanewon Ngaglik, Kabupaten Sleman, DIY, memiliki pemahaman yang berbeda perihal sampah. Kemudian, setiap keluarga juga memiliki cara berbeda dalam penanganan sampah. Belum banyak warga yang mengelola dan mengolah sampahnya dengan baik. Potensi pengelolaan sampah yang ada di masyarakat dapat memberikan manfaat baik di bidang lingkungan, kesehatan, dan sosial-ekonomi.

Humankind producing excessive material during their lifetime. The residual from human activity and natural process is referred as waste. Indonesia is the second largest producer of plastic waste in the world. Based on a 2020 report from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, it was stated that national waste production reached 67.8 million tons of waste per year. That being said, there were 185,753 tons of waste produced every day by 270 million citizens in Indonesia. Therefore, overall waste management in Indonesia cannot be considered good. Bad waste management causes water, soil and air pollution. Furthermore, due to environmental pollution, excessive waste can trigger health problems. Though there are already government regulations and policy regarding waste management, most of Indonesian communities still have not implemented these regulatory points. Seeing the poor condition of waste handling in Indonesia, the researcher formulated a research problem "How is the understanding and handling of waste in the residents in RT 01, RW 24, Plemburan, Nglempongsari, Sariharjo Village, Ngaglik District, Sleman Regency, DIY?" Then the question "How do people understand about waste?" and ''What is the practice of handling waste in the community?'' This research uses descriptive qualitative research to explain the research results. The research location is residents in RT 01, RW 24, Plemburan, Nglempongsari, Sariharjo Village, Ngaglik District, Sleman Regency, DIY. There are 5 families as research informants who were selected purposively. Data were collected using observation, interviews in the form of FGD (Focus Group Discussion), documentation, and literature. All forms of data obtained have been tested for validity. Research data analysis was carried out by transcribing the data, classifying the data, and interpreting the data. According to Schutz (1970), everyone has a stock of knowledge that is built from experience, science, and technology. This stock of knowledge influences human behavior. Schutz also added that the distribution of knowledge stock is experienced daily by the community. Public knowledge about waste management is vary. This is influenced by the stock of knowledge that may diverse throughout the community. The results of this study showed that residents in RT 01, RW 24, Plemburan, Nglempongsari, Sariharjo Village, Ngaglik District, Sleman Regency, DIY, have different understandings about waste. Furthermore, each family also has their own different ways of waste management. Most of residents does not manage and process their waste properly. Despite the fact that proper waste management in the community can provide benefits both in the environmental, health, and socio-economic fields.

Kata Kunci : Sampah, stok pengetahuan, distribusi pengetahuan, penanganan sampah