ANALISIS FUNGSI EKOLOGI TANAMAN LANSKAP DI KAWASAN KOTAGEDE YOGYAKARTA

TOMY CHANDRA, Siti Nurul Rofiqo Irwan, S.P., M.Agr., Ph.D. ; Taufan Alam, S,P., M.Sc.

2022 | Skripsi | S1 AGRONOMI

Keberadaan tanaman di ruang terbuka hijau secara ekologis akan membantu meningkatkan kenyamanan manusia dengan mengontrol iklim mikro lingkungan secara langsung. Kotagede merupakan lokasi wisata yang strategis di Yogyakarta sehingga perlu diperhatikan kenyamanan lingkungannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) menganalisis kesesuaian fungsi ekologis tanaman lanskap di kawasan Kotagede, 2) mengetahui kondisi iklim mikro di kawasan Kotagede, dan 3) mengetahui keanekaragaman tanaman lanskap di ruang hijau Kotagede. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Februari-Mei 2021 di Kotagede, Yogyakarta. Lokasi penelitian dibagi menjadi 3 zona. Di masing-masing zona ditentukan 12 titik sampel, dan ada total 36 titik sampel. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei dan pengambilan sampel secara stratified purposive sampling. Survei meliputi pengamatan langsung, pengambilan dokumentasi, dan pengukuran data yang dibutuhkan. Data hasil pengukuran iklim mikro dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA 5%, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan LSD-test 5%. Data tanaman diolah menggunakan perhitungan Shannon-Wiener untuk mengetahui tingkat keanekaragaman tanamannya. Hasil menunjukkan kesesuaian fungsi ekologis tanaman di Kotagede masih kurang baik, baik dalam fungsi penurun suhu dan intensitas cahaya, fungsi pengatur kelembapan, dan fungsi pemecah angin. Hasil pengukuran iklim mikro menunjukan rerata suhu udara pada zona A, B, C sebesar 30,88 oC, 31,17 oC, dan 31,07 oC. Kelembapan zona A,B, C sebesar 67,81%, 67,33%, dan 67,14%. Intensitas cahaya di zona A,B, C sebesar 21919,41 lux, 34155,05 lux, dan 36666,26 lux. Kecepatan angin zona A,B, C sebesar 0,06 m/s, 0,05 m/s, dan 0,08 m/s. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan keanekaragaman, terdapat 100 jenis vegetasi di Kotagede. Nilai index keanekaragaman tanaman yang diperoleh tergolong tinggi dengan nilai sebesar 3,534.

Vegetation in the urban green space will help to improve ecologically human comfort through controlling the environment microclimate. Kotagede is a tourism destination in Yogyakarta, so it is important to pay attention on the green space vegetation. The research aimed to analyze the ecological suitability, find out the microclimate condition of Kotagede and find out plant diversity in the green open space of Kotagede. This research was conducted from February to May 2021 at Kotagede, Yogyakarta. The research area was divided into three zones. In each zone, 12 sampling points were determined, so there was 36 sampling point. The research methods were using survey and sample taking using a stratified purposive sampling method. The survey included field observation, documentation, and data collecting. The microclimate measurement data were analyzed using 5% Anova then continued by LSD-test 5%. The plant diversity data were analyzed using Shannon-Wiener measurement to identify the diversity level. The results showed that the plant ecology function in Kotagede was not good enough in temperature and light intensity reducer function, humidity regulator function, and windbreaker function. The microclimate measurement showed the average air temperature in zone A, B, C were 30.88oC, 31.17oC, and 31,07 oC. Air humidity in zone A, B, C were 67,81%, 67,33%, and 67,14%. Light intensity in zone A, B, C were 21919,41 lux, 34155,05 lux, and 36666,26 lux. Wind velocity in zone A, B, C were 0,06 m/s, 0,05 m/s, and 0,08 m/s. From the diversity level measurement, there were 100 plant species in Kotagede. The plant diversity index showed 3,534, categorized as high diversity.

Kata Kunci : fungsi ekologis, iklim mikro, Kotagede, vegetasi