The Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Refusal in Various Countries : A Systematic Review

CHRISTOFORA VINANTHA, Dr. apt. Susi Ari Kristina, M.Kes.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Vaksinasi COVID-19 harus segera dituntaskan untuk mengontrol pandemi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik demografi individu yang memiliki intensi lebih besar untuk mendapatkan vaksinasi COVID-19, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penerimaan dan penolakan vaksinasi. Studi ini berbentuk sebuah review sistematis dari artikel terpublikasi dengan database PubMed dan Science Direct yang melaporkan kedua faktor penerimaan dan penolakan vaksinasi COVID-19 di beberapa negara dari tahun 2020-2021. Sebanyak 339 studi diidentifikasi dan 12 studi yang memenuhi kriteria digunakan untuk dianalisis. Demografi individu yang memiliki penerimaan vaksinasi lebih tinggi adalah lansia (65 tahun) (48.2%-89.1%), pendidikan master atau lebih tinggi (65.2% - 87%), memiliki pendapatan $60,000 - $150,000 atau lebih tinggi (61.7%-86%), dokter (24.48%-92.1%); pensiun/tidak bekerja (47.9%-87%), mendapatkan vaksinasi influenza sebelumnya (52%-90.9%). Faktor utama yang mempengaruhi penerimaan vaksin adalah persepsi kerentanan terhadap resiko, keuntungan vaksin, dan efikasi vaksin(56.25% - 93%). Faktor utama yang mempengaruhi penolakan vaksin adalah khawatir karena vaksin masih baru, efek samping vaksin, dan tidak efektifnya vaksin (20.1% - 92.4%). Strategi untuk menjamin keamanan dan efikasi vaksin harus segera dilaksanakan oleh pemegang kebijakan kesehatan untuk mempercepat vaksinasi COVID-19 dan membangun kepercayaan dalam masyarakat di banyak negara.

The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) vaccination must be finished immediately to control the pandemic. This study aims to analyze the demographic characteristics of individuals who had more intention to vaccinate against COVID-19, the factors of acceptance, and refusal of the vaccination. This study was a systematic review of published articles by using PubMed and Science Direct databases that reported both acceptance and refusal towards COVID-19 vaccination in different countries from 2020-2021. A total of 339 studies were identified and 12 studies were finally selected that met all eligibility criteria. The demographics more likely to vaccinate were elderly (65 years old) (48.2%-89.1%), graduate degree or higher (65.2% - 87%), had household income $60,000 - $150,000 or higher (61.7%-86%), physicians (24.48%-92.1%); being retired/not employed (47.9%-87%), had history of influenza immunization (52%-90.9%). The major factors affecting vaccination acceptance were risk susceptibility, perceived benefits and self-efficacy (56.25% - 93%). The major barriers of taking COVID-19 vaccination were concern of vaccine rushed development, vaccine side effects and ineffectiveness ( 20.1% - 92.4%). The strategies to ensure the vaccine safety and efficacy must be done promptly by the public health stakeholders to foster COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and build trust among the general public in many countries.

Kata Kunci : COVID-19 Vaccine, Demographics, Acceptance, Refusal