Pengaruh Suplementasi Glukomanan Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) dan Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059 dalam Pakan terhadap Mikrobioma Sekum, Imunitas, serta Performan Ayam Broiler

YENNY NIKEN LARASATI, Prof. Dr. Ir. Eni Harmayani, M.Sc.; Ir. Jaka Widada, M.P., Ph.D.; Prof. Dr. Ir. Nurliyani, M.S.

2021 | Disertasi | DOKTOR BIOTEKNOLOGI

Penggunaan antibiotik untuk unggas telah dilarang di Indonesia sehingga diperlukan alternatif imbuhan pakan. Glukomanan porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) dan Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059 berpotensi sebagai kandidat prebiotik dan probiotik untuk imbuhan pakan ayam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh suplementasi glukomanan porang dan Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059 dalam pakan terhadap mikrobioma sekum, potential Hydrogen (pH), dan short chain fatty acids (SCFA) sekum in vitro dan in vivo serta imunitas dan performan in vivo pada ayam broiler. Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi dua tahap yaitu in vitro dan in vivo. Penelitian in vitro menggunakan inokulum larutan sekum selama 24 jam dengan suhu 37oC dalam kondisi anaerob. Penelitian in vivo dilakukan pada day old chicks (DOC) broiler strain Lohmann MB-202 P jantan dan betina sebanyak 160 ekor yang dibagi dalam 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan (masing-masing 10 ekor) menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan masa pemeliharaan 35 hari. Perlakuan yang diuji in vitro dan in vivo adalah T0 (kontrol pakan basal), T1 (pakan basal + glukomanan porang), T2 (pakan basal + Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059), dan T3 (pakan basal + glukomanan porang + Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059). Variabel terikat penelitian in vitro meliputi mikrobioma, pH, dan SCFA, sedangkan in vivo berupa mikrobioma, pH, SCFA, imunitas (bobot relatif organ limfoid, profil darah), dan performan (morfologi usus, bobot badan, pertambahan bobot badan (PBB), konsumsi pakan, konversi pakan, dan mortalitas). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan T3 mampu meningkatkan bakteri Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium, Turicibacter, Butyrivibrio, Gallicola, Blautia, Butyricoccus, Faecalibacterium, unidentified Lachnospiraceae, Roseburia, Bacteroides, unidentified Ruminococcae dan SCFA serta menurunkan pH in vitro. Sedangkan pada penelitian in vivo perlakuan T3 mampu meningkatkan persentase genus Gallicola yang merupakan bakteri penghasil SCFA dan imunitas dilihat dari bobot relatif bursa fabrisius, timus, limpa dan rasio heterofil/limfosit. Performan broiler pada perlakuan T3 lebih tinggi dibanding kontrol. Hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa suplementasi sinbiotik glukomanan porang dan Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059 dalam pakan mampu mengoptimalkan mikrobioma sekum in vitro maupun in vivo dan meningkatkan imunitas serta performan ayam broiler dibandingkan dengan kontrol in vivo.

The use of antibiotics for poultry had been banned in Indonesia so an alternative feed additive was needed. Porang glucomannan (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) and Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059 had potential as prebiotic and probiotic candidates to be feed additives for chicken. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the supplementation effect of porang glucomannan and Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059 on caecum microbiome, potential Hydrogen (pH), and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) caecum in vitro and in vivo and also immunity and performance of broiler chickens in vivo. The study was divided into two stages, in vitro and in vivo. In vitro used solution of the caecum as inoculum for 24 hours at 37oC under anaerobic condition. The in vivo study was conducted on 160 unsex day old chicks (DOC) broiler strain Lohmann MB-202 P which were divided into 4 treatments and 4 replications (10 birds each) using a completely randomized design (CRD) with raising period of 35 days. The treatments tested in vitro and in vivo were T0 (basal diet control), T1 (basal diet + porang glucomannan), T2 (basal diet + Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059), and T3 (basal diet + porang glucomannan + Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059). In vitro parameters were consisted of microbiome, pH, and SCFA, while in vivo were microbiome, pH, SCFA, immunity (relative weight of lymphoid organs, blood profile), and performance (intestinal morphology, body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, and mortality). The results showed that T3 treatment was able to increase Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium, Turicibacter, Butyrivibrio, Gallicola, Blautia, Butyricoccus, Faecalibacterium, unidentified Lachnospiraceae, Roseburia, Bacteroides, unidentified Ruminococcae, and SCFA, reduce pH in vitro. Meanwhile, in in vivo study, T3 treatment was able to increase the percentage of genus Gallicola which was bacteria that could produce SCFA and immunity as seen from relative weights of bursa of fabrisius, thymus, spleen and heterophile/lymphocyte ratio. Broiler performance in T3 treatment was higher than control. It could be concluded that the synbiotic supplementation of porang glucomannan and Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059 in feed was able to optimize caecum microbiome in vitro and in vivo and improve immunity and performance of broiler chickens than control in vivo.

Kata Kunci : ayam broiler, Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059, glukomanan porang, imunitas, mikrobioma, performan