Hubungan Pola Asuh Orang Tua dengan Kecenderungan Adiksi Video Game pada Remaja di Masa Pandemi COVID-19 di SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta

WINDY ARISTIANI, Dr. dr. Ronny Tri Wirasto, Sp.KJ; dr. Silas Henry Ismanto, Sp.KJ(K)

2021 | Tesis-Spesialis | ILMU KEDOKTERAN JIWA

Latar belakang: Pandemi COVID-19 berdampak pada hampir seluruh aspek kehidupan, khususnya kehidupan remaja. Penutupan sekolah dan social distancing, membuat banyak remaja menghabiskan waktu bermain video game untuk mengatasi kebosanan, akibatnya remaja semakin terikat dengan video game sehingga meningkatkan risiko adiksi video game. Keterikatan remaja terhadap video game berdampak negatif pada perilaku dan sosial. Meningkatnya kasus kriminal seperti kekerasan, pencurian bahkan pembunuhan, menjadi perhatian bagi para klinisi, profesional, dan peneliti untuk meneliti pengaruh adiksi video game pada remaja, salah satunya adalah pola asuh orang tua. Pola asuh orang tua menentukan serta memcegah risiko adiksi video game pada remaja. Pola asuh mencakup tiga jenis yaitu otoriter, demokratis, dan permisif. Pentingnya menjaga kesehatan mental remaja menjadi prioritas dalam penelitian kami. Tujuan penelitian: Mengetahui hubungan pola asuh orang tua dengan kecenderungan adiksi video game pada remaja di SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non-eksperimental, deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas X di SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta. Kecenderungan adiksi video game diukur dengan instrumen Game Addiction Scale (GAS), pola asuh orang tua diukur dengan instrumen Parental Authority Questioner (PAQ). Analisa yang digunakan adalah uji chi-square/fisher exact test, coefisien contingensi dan uji regresi logistik. Hasil: Didapatkan 161 subyek penelitian yang bermain game dengan pola asuh orang tua otoriter sebanyak 21 (13.0%), permisif 14 (8.7%), dan demokratis 126 (78.3%). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan perilaku kecenderungan adiksi video game (x2=13.17, p=0.001, C=0.275). Tipe pola asuh otoriter, permisif, dan jenis kelamin berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kecenderungan adiksi video game, dengan (p=0.003, OR=6.05 pada otoriter, p=0.004, OR=6,3 pada permisif, dan p=0.001, OR=5.3 pada jenis kelamin). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pola asuh orang tua dengan kecenderungan adiksi video game pada remaja di SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta. Tipe pola asuh otoriter dan permisif, serta jenis kelamin menjadi faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap perilaku kecenderungan adiksi video game pada remaja SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has mental health impact on almost all of life aspects, especially for teenagers. Closing schools and social distancing, allowing teens to spend more time playing video games to overcome boredom, increasing endurance with video games, increasing the risk of video game addiction. Teenagers' attachment to video games has a negative impact on behavior and social. The increase in criminal cases such as violence, theft, murder, has become a concern for clinicians, professionals, and researchers to examine the effect of video games on adolescents, one of which is parenting. Parenting determine and also prevent the risk of video game addiction in adolescents. Parenting includes three types, authoritarian, democratic, and permissive. The importance of maintaining adolescent mental health is our priority study. Purpose of study: To determine the relationships between parenting and the risk of video game addiction in adolescents at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta. Methods: This study is a non-experimental, descriptive analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. The research subjects were students of class X at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta. The risk of video game addiction as measured by the Game Addiction Scale (GAS) instrument, parenting as measured by the Parental Authority Questioner (PAQ) instrument. We analize by using chi-square test/fisher exact test and logistic regression test. Results: There were 161 research subjects who played games with an authoritarian parenting pattern of 21 (13.0%), permissive 14 (8.7%), and democratic 126 (78.3%). There is a significant relationship between parenting and risk of video game addiction (x2=13.17, p=0.001, C=0.275). Type of parenting authoritarian, permissive, and gender have a significant effect on the risk of video game addiction, with (p=0.003, OR=6.05 for authoritarian, p=0.004, OR=6.3 for permissive, and p=0.001, OR=5.3 on gender). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between parenting and the risk of video game addiction in adolescents at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta. The type of authoritarian and permissive parenting, as well as gender are the most influential factors on the risk of video game addiction in senior high school teenagers at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta.

Kata Kunci : Adiksi video game, pandemi COVID-19, pola asuh orang tua, remaja SMA.