GERAKAN SOSIAL PENOLAKAN TAMBANG NIKEL DI KONAWE KEPULAUAN, SULAWESI TENGGARA

WA ODE S MARDIANA, Prof. Dr. Susetiawan, SU

2021 | Tesis | MAGISTER PEMBANGUNAN SOSIAL DAN KESEJAHTERAAN

Penelitian ini berisi mengenai gerakan sosial masyarakat dalam upaya melakukan penolakan terhadap kehadiran usaha pertambangan di Pulau Wawonii. Terdapat 16 izin usaha pertambangan diterbitkan di pulau kecil, yang hanya memiliki luas wilayah 867KM persegi. Berbagai gerakan aksi dilakukan oleh masyarakat sebagai bentuk protes pada kebijakan pemerintah yang dianggap semena-mena kepada masyarakat. Dengan bersatunya masyarakat dalam suatu gerakan besar yang bernama Front Rakyat Sultra Bela Wawonii (FRSBW) sehingga mampu menjadi wadah bagi masyarakat untuk menyampaikan segala aspirasi dan kekhawatiran terkait dampak negatif atas kehadiran perusahaan pertambangan. Penelitian ini dilandasi dengan analisis gerakan sosial berdasarkan pemikiran Macionis yang membagi gerakan sosial kedalam 3 (tiga) tahapan yakni tahap kemunculan (emergence), tahap penggabungan (coalescence), dan tahap pencapaian. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, sedangkan pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi lapangan, studi literatur dan wawancara mendalam terhadap beberapa narasumber yang terkait dengan gerakan perlawanan rakyat dalam menolak masuknya tambang di Pulau Wawonii. Hasil temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gerakan sosial ini didirikan oleh masyarakat atas dasar kegelisahan serta isu yang beredar di masyarakat mengenai ancaman/bahaya aktivitas pertambangan, mengingat Pulau Wawonii adalah pulau kecil. Setelah berkali-kali melakukan aksi, perjuangan masyarakat dianggap belum 100% terpenuhi, karena izin beroperasinya perusahaan hanya dibekukan sementara, ada kemungkinan untuk beroperasi kembali. Meskipun demikian, hingga saat ini aktifitas operasi perusahaan yang melakukan kegiatan penambangan tidak ditemukan lagi. Adapun kontribusi dari penelitian ini diharapkan bisa memberikan masukkan terhadap gerakan perlawanan yang muncul akibat kebijakan pemerintah yang tidak berpihak kepada masyarakat.

This study covers community social movements in an effort to reject the presence of mining businesses on Wawonii Island. There are 16 mining business permits issued on the small island, which only has an area of 867 square kilometers. Various action movements were carried out by the community as a form of protest against government policies that were considered arbitrary to the community. With the unity of the community in a large movement called the People's Front for Southeast Sulawesi Bela Wawonii (FRSBW) so that it can become a forum for the community to express all aspirations and concerns regarding the negative impact of the presence of mining companies. This research is based on the analysis of social movements based on Macionist thinking which divides social movements into 3 (three) stages, namely the emergence stage, coalescence stage, and achievement stage. The research method uses a qualitative approach, while data collection is carried out through field studies, literature studies and in-depth interviews with several sources related to the people's resistance movement in refusing the entry of mining in Wawonii Island. The research findings indicate that this social movement was founded by the community on the basis of anxiety and issues circulating in the community regarding the threat/danger of mining activities, considering that Wawonii Island is a small island. After many actions, the community's struggle is considered not to be 100% fulfilled, because the company's operating license has only been temporarily frozen, there is a possibility for it to operate again. However, until now the operating activities of companies that carry out mining activities are no longer found. The contribution of this research is expected to provide input to the resistance movement that arose as a result of government policies that were not in favor of the community.

Kata Kunci : Social Movement, Mining Rejection, FRSBW Association