PERBEDAAN PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PRAKTIK TENAGA KESEHATAN TERKAIT COVID-19 DI RS. MARDI WALUYO METRO

AGSTRI LESTARI PUTRI, Khudazi Aulawi, S.Kp., M.Kes., MN.Sc., Ph.D ; Dr. Heny Suseani Pangastuti, S.Kp., M.Kes

2021 | Tesis | MAGISTER KEPERAWATAN

Latar Belakang: Peningkatan jumlah kasus dan jumlah kematian pada tenaga kesehatan akibat paparan Covid-19 dalam waktu sangat singkat menunjukkan tingginya tingkat infeksifitas coronavirus. Adanya perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku terkait Covid-19 pada petugas kesehatan dapat menghambat penentuan diagnosa, menyebarkan penyakit dan menyebabkan praktik kontrol infeksi yang rendah. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik terkait Covid-19 pada tenaga kesehatan Metode: Penelitian ini adalah analisis komparatif dengan rancangan cross- sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah 90 responden, dipilih menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling terdiri dari dokter, perawat, bidan, apoteker, dan tenaga penunjang. Instrumen penelitian mengadopsi instrumen Knowledge, Attitude, Practice towards Covid-19 oleh Zhang tahun 2020 kemudian diadaptasi ke Bahasa Indonesia. Pengkategorian data menggunakan statistik deskriptif, uji komparatif menggunakan Kruskal-Wallis dan Mann Whitney. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan umumnya tenaga kesehatan memiliki pengetahuan sedang (60%; CI 90%,28,89+-4,772), sikap positif (78,9%; CI 90%, 12,91+-1,797), dan perilaku patuh (77,8; CI 90%, 16,54+-1,537). Terdapat perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan tenaga kesehatan (p-value 0.026). Dokter memiliki skor pengetahuan tertinggi 32.60+-5.232 dan berbeda signifikan dengan tenaga penunjang dan bidan (p-value 0.006 dan p-value 0.014). Tidak ada perbedaan sikap (p-value 0.108) dan perilaku (p-value 0.408) terkait Covid-19 antar tenaga kesehatan. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan, tidak ada perbedaan sikap dan perilaku terkait Covid-19 antar petugas kesehatan. Perlu upaya peningkatan pengetahuan dengan pelatihan yang mendukung terkait Covid-19. Serta pengoptimalan sumber daya manusia dengan penyediaan makanan yang cukup, istirahat yang cukup, dan dukungan psikologis.

Background: Number of cases and deaths in health professional due to Covid-19 rapidly increased in very short time, indicates high-rate corona virus infection. knowledge, attitudes, and practices differences related to Covid-19 in health professional could hinder the determination of diagnoses, spread the disease and lead to low infection control practices. Objective: This study aims to determine differences in knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards Covid-19 among health professionals. Methods: This was comparative analytic research with cross-sectional design. Ninety health professional samples selected using random sampling cluster technique which consist of doctors, nurses, midwives, pharmacists, and allied health professions. The research instrument used Knowledge, Attitude, Practice questionnaire adopted from Zhang in 2020. Data categorize used descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney were employed for comparative analysis. Results: Results show that, in generally health professional have moderate knowledge (60%; CI 90%, 28,89+-4,772), positive attitude (78.9%; 12.91+-1,797), and obedient practice (77.8; 16.54+-1,537). There is difference level of knowledge among health professional (p-value 0.026). Doctors have highest knowledge score (32.60+-5,232) and differed significantly with allied health professions and midwives (p-value 0.006 and p-value=0.014). There are no differences in attitudes (p-value 0.108) and practices (p-value 0.408) related to Covid-19 among healthcare workers. Conclusion: There is difference level of knowledge, no differences in attitudes and practices related to Covid-19 between health workers. Efforts are needed to increase knowledge with supporting training related to Covid-19. As well as optimizing human resources by providing adequate food and rest, and psychological support.

Kata Kunci : Covid-19, Pengetahuan, Sikap, Perilaku, Tenaga Kesehatan