Analisis Stakeholder dalam Implementasi Kebijakan Kota Layak Anak (KLA) di Kota Yogykarta

SOFIYAH, Dr. sc. pol. Agus Heruanto Hadna, M.Si; Dr. Sukamdi, M.Sc; Dr. Dewi Haryani Susilastuti, M.Sc; Dr. Pande Made Kutanegara, M.Si

2021 | Tesis | MAGISTER KEPEMIMPINAN DAN INOVASI KEBIJAKAN

Agenda Pembangunan Kota Layak Anak (KLA) menjadi salah satu kebijakan pemerintah Kota Yogyakarta untuk mewujudkan pemenuhan hak anak dengan melibatkan peran stakeholder di lintas sektor. Selama periode pertama implementasi kebijakan KLA di Kota Yogyakarta, keterlibatan stakeholder dinilai belum optimal dalam melakukan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat maupun dalam menunjang fasilitas pemenuhan hak anak. Padahal secara esensi, stakeholder sebagai pelaksana utama pembangunan daerah harus berperan aktif dalam upaya percepatan pembangunan KLA. Sehingga mengkaji implementasi dan stakeholder mapping terhadap kebijakan KLA menjadi penting dianalisis untuk mengetahui policy interest setiap stakeholder sebagai dasar menyatukan segala upaya dalam Grand Design Kota Yogyakarta menuju layak anak. Analisis stakeholder dalam implementasi kebijakan KLA ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui strategi penelitian studi kasus. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) Implementasi KLA telah aktif dikoordinasikan pada level top down namun belum masif di level bottom up yaitu masyarakat secara luas, selain itu pengembanagn kapasitas SDM untuk menunjang KLA belum menjadi komitmen pemerintah, dan diperlukan optimalisasi kebijakan fiskal untuk mendukung pengembangan KLA, serta pembuatan SOP sebagai alat ukur pengawasan harus mengakomodir seluruh pemenuhan hak anak; 2) Bappeda sebagai key players perlu menguatkan peran koordinasi dalam sinergi dan integrasi untuk mengembangkan potensi dan kepentingan stakeholder yang masuk kategori context setter, subject dan crowd; 3) Konsistensi Perda dan RAD KLA serta ketersediaan teknologi dan dukungan teoritis menjadi faktor pendukung KLA, sedangkan belum terakomodirnya narasi dasar pemenuhan hak anak pada dokumen RPJMD serta ego sektoral dan kompleksitas stakeholder menjadi faktor penghambat sehingga perlu menjadi perhatian pemerintah dalam upaya percepatan target pembangunan KLA. Oleh karena itu, penguatan policy interest bagi stakeholder KLA, penguatan di kalangan masyarakat sipil, serta best practice sosialisasi KLA perlu dijadikan langkah strategis Pemerintah Kota Yogyakarta dalam percepatan pembangunan KLA sesuai target yang menjadi tujuan bersama.

The Child-friendly city (CFC) development agenda is one of the Yogyakarta City government policies to realize the fulfillment of children's rights by involving the role of stakeholders across sectors. During the first period of CFC policy implementation, the stakeholders' involvement in conducting socialization to the community and in supporting facilities for fulfilling children's rights was considered not optimal. Meanwhile in essence, stakeholders as the main agents of regional development must play an active role in an attempt to accelerate the development of CFC. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the implementation and stakeholder mapping of the CFC policy in order to figure out the policy interest of each stakeholder as the basis for uniting all efforts in the Grand Design of Yogyakarta City towards being child-friendly. A stakeholder analysis in the implementation of the CFC policy was carried out using a qualitative method through case study research strategy. The results of this study are: 1) The implementation of CFC has been actively coordinated at the top-down level, yet it has not been massively coordinated at the bottom-up level, that is the community. Besides, the development of human resource's capacity to support CFC has not been considered as the government's commitment, and the optimization of fiscal policy is needed to support the development of CFC as well as making SOPs as a measuring instrument for supervision that must accommodate all fulfillment of children's rights; 2) as a key player, Bappeda (Regional Development Planning Agency) needs to strengthen the role of coordination in synergy and integration to develop the potential and interests of stakeholders in the categories of context setter, subject and crowd; 3) The consistency of Regional Regulations and Regional Action Plan concerning child-friendly city as well as the availability of technology and theoretical support are the supporting factors for CFC, while the absence of basic narrative of the fulfillment of children's rights in the RPJMD (Medium-Term Regional Development Plan) document, sectoral ego and stakeholder complexity are the inhibiting factors so that the government needs to take notice of the efforts to accelerate the CFC development. Therefore, strengthening the policy interest for CFC stakeholders, strengthening the communities, and implementing the best practice of CFC socialization need to be undertaken as strategic steps for the Yogyakarta City Government in accelerating CFC development according to the common goal.

Kata Kunci : Implementasi Kebijakan KLA, Analisis Stakeholder, Policy Interest.