Keanekaragaman Laba-Laba (Ordo Araneae) di Suaka Margasatwa Paliyan, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

NAUFAL URFI DHIYA ULHAQ, Soenarwan Hery Poerwanto, S.Si., M.Kes.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 BIOLOGI

Laba-laba (ordo Araneae) merupakan hewan Arthropoda yang memiliki keanekaragaman spesies dan kelimpahan tinggi. Anggota ordo ini memiliki peran penting dalam suatu ekosistem sebagai salah satu predator utama serangga. Meskipun demikian, data mengenai keanekaragaman laba-laba di Indonesia masih sangat terbatas. Suaka Margasatwa Paliyan sebagai salah satu kawasan konservasi yang terletak di Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta memiliki peran sebagai pelindung biodiversitas laba-laba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan laba-laba di Suaka Margasatwa Paliyan. Laba-laba dikoleksi menggunakan metode semi-kuantitatif berbasis plot dengan mengandalkan empat teknik utama, yakni aerial searching, ground searching, beating, dan litter sifting. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada 3 titik untuk setiap blok (lindung dan rehabilitasi) pada waktu siang (08.00-12.00) selama bulan Maret-April 2021. Data yang didapat dianalisis menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman (Shannon-Wiener dan Simpson) serta dilakukan perbandingan komposisi komunitas laba-laba antara blok lindung dan rehabilitasi menggunakan indeks similaritas (Jaccard dan Bray-Curtis). Hasil penelitian mendapati 79 spesies dari 23 familia yang tercatat di Suaka Margasatwa Paliyan, dengan familia Oxyopidae, Salticidae, dan Theridiidae mendominasi secara jumlah individu. Nilai keanekaragaman laba-laba termasuk tinggi yakni pada blok lindung H�= 3,26, blok rehabilitasi H�= 3,26, serta keseluruhan area H�= 3,53. Indeks similaritas antara blok lindung dan blok rehabilitasi yakni 0,29 untuk indeks Jaccard dan 0,43 untuk indeks Bray-Curtis. Keragaman laba-laba yang ditemukan di Suaka Margasatwa Paliyan menunjukkan pentingnya kawasan konservasi dalam menjaga dan melestarikan biodiversitas.

Spiders (order Araneae) are arthropods with a high level of diversity and abundance. Members of this order have an important role in an ecosystem as one of the main predators of insects. However, data on the diversity of spiders in Indonesia is still very limited. Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary as one of the conservation areas located in Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region has a role as a sanctuary for spider biodiversity. This study aims to observe the diversity and abundance of spiders in the Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary. Spiders were collected using a plot-based semi-quantitative method utilizing four main collection techniques, namely aerial searching, ground searching, beating, and litter sifting. Sampling was carried out at 3 plots for each zone within the wildlife sanctuary (protected and rehabilitation) at daytime (08.00-12.00) during March-April 2021. The data obtained were analyzed using diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener and Simpson) and a comparison of the composition of the spider community between protected and rehabilitation zones using similarity indices (Jaccard and Bray-Curtis). The results of the study found 79 species from 23 families recorded in the Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary, with the families Oxyopidae, Salticidae, and Theridiidae dominating based on number of individuals. The value of spider diversity is high, namely in the protected zone H'= 3.26, the rehabilitation zone H'= 3.26, and the whole area H'= 3.53. The similarity index between the protected zone and the rehabilitation zone is 0.29 for the Jaccard index and 0.43 for the Bray-Curtis index. The diversity of spiders found in the Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary shows the importance of the conservation area in maintaining and preserving biodiversity.

Kata Kunci : keanekaragaman, laba-laba, suaka margasatwa, ekosistem karst