Gambaran Ketersediaan dan Harga Obat Formularium Nasional Kelas Terapi Obat Saluran Napas di Sistem E-Catalogue serta Perbandingan Harganya dengan Harga Referensi Eksternal

MAYA SEPTIANA, Dr. Dwi Endarti, M.Sc., Apt.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Ketidaksesuaian antara Fornas dengan e-catalogue menyebabkan faskes kesulitan dalam melakukan pengadaan obat karena obat yang dibutuhkan tidak tersedia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan ketersediaan obat kelas terapi obat saluran napas yang tercantum dalam Fornas di sistem e-catalogue, mendeskripsikan variasi harga obat antarregional di Indonesia, dan membandingkan harga obat saluran napas di e-catalogue dengan External Reference Price (ERP). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasi secara daring melalui laman e-catalogue milik LKPP dan The International Medicine Product Price Guide milik MSH dengan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan April hingga Mei 2021. Ketersediaan obat Fornas pada e-catalogue dianalisis dengan cara menghitung jumlah item obat yang tayang pada e-catalogue dibagi jumlah item obat yang tercantum dalam Fornas kemudian dikalikan 100%, variasi harga obat saluran napas pada e-catalogue dianalisis dengan cara menghitung median masing-masing item obat pada tiap provinsi berdasarkan region, perbandingan harga obat untuk saluran napas di Indonesia dengan ERP dianalisis dengan cara membagikan median harga masing-masing item obat dari seluruh provinsi dengan harga item obat pada ERP baik dalam harga suppliers maupun harga buyer yang telah dikonversi dari dollar Amerika tahun 2015 menjadi rupiah. Penyajian data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tabel-tabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase ketersediaan obat Fornas kelas terapi obat saluran napas pada sistem e-catalogue 2020 sebesar 76,67% yang mengindikasikan bahwa proses pengadaan melalui e-catalogue belum optimal. Hasil penelitian terkait variasi harga obat saluran napas pada e-catalogue di tiap provinsi yakni 47,83% item obat saluran napas memiliki perbedaan harga yang signifikan dengan rerata deviasi harga obat termurah sebesar 1,4% terhadap median harga tiap region dan rerata deviasi harga obat termahal sebesar 0,8% terhadap median harga tiap region. Selain itu, Indonesia dihadapkan dengan masalah harga obat yang lebih mahal dibanding harga obat internasional yakni sebanyak 42,9% obat untuk saluran napas memiliki harga yang lebih mahal dibanding harga supplier dan 60% lebih mahal dibanding harga buyer dari ERP. Diharapkan pemerintah dan institusi terkait melakukan evaluasi pengadaan obat melalui e-catalogue dan penetapan harga yang terjangkau agar kebutuhan obat dapat tercapai dengan baik.

The discrepancy between Fornas and the e-catalogue causes health facilities to find it difficult to procure drugs because the drugs needed are not available. This study aims to compare the availability of drugs for respiratory drug therapy classes listed in Fornas in the e-catalogue system, describe variations in drug prices between regions in Indonesia, and compare respiratory drug prices in the e-catalogue with ERP. This research is an online observational study through the e-catalogue page owned by LKPP and The International Medicine Product Price Guide owned by MSH with quantitative descriptive analysis using a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was carried out from April to May 2021. Availability of Fornas drugs in the e-catalogue was analyzed by calculating the number of drug items displayed on the e-catalogue divided by the number of drug items listed in Fornas then multiplied by 100%, the variation in respiratory drug prices on e-catalogue was analyzed by calculating the median of each drug item in each province by region, the comparison of drug prices for the respiratory tract in Indonesia with ERP was analyzed by distributing the median price of each drug item from all provinces with the price of drug items on the ERP both in terms of prices of suppliers and buyers which have been converted from US dollars in 2015 to rupiah. Data presentation is done by using tables. The results showed that availability of respiratory drug therapy in the 2020 e-catalogue system was 76.67%, which indicated that the procurement process through the e-catalogue was not optimal. The result of the study related to variations drug prices in the e-catalogue is 47.83% of respiratory drug items having a significant price difference with the lowest and highest average drug price deviation is 1.4% and 0,8% to the median price of each region. In addition, Indonesia is faced with the problem of drug prices that are more expensive than international drug prices, namely 42.9% of drugs for the respiratory tract are more expensive than supplier prices and 60% more expensive than buyers' prices from ERP. It is hoped that the government and related institutions will evaluate drug procurement through e-catalogue and determine affordable prices so that drug needs can be achieved properly.

Kata Kunci : Formularium Nasional, obat saluran napas, ketersediaan obat, variasi, harga, e-catalogue, External Reference Price