Penggunaan Pelet Campuran Daun Akasia (Acacia mangium Willd) Mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni) dan Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus) sebagai Sumber Tanin untuk Menurunkan Produksi Metana secara In Vitro

WAHYU ADI SETIAWAN, Prof. Dr. Ir. Lies Mira Yusiati, SU., IPU., ASEAN Eng.;Dr. Ir. Chusnul Hanim, M.Si., IPM., ASEAN Eng.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN

Mitigasi emisi metana dan peningkatan efisiensi penggunaan protein pakan dengan senyawa bioaktif tanaman secara ekstensif telah dipelajari dan diterapkan sebagai suplemen dan pakan aditif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelet campuran tiga jenis daun (Acacia mangium Willd, Swietenia mahagoni, dan Artocarpus heterophyllus) sebagai sumber tanin terhadap produksi gas metana dan parameter fermentasi rumen secara in vitro dengan menggunakan substrat hijauan dan konsentrat (60:40). Tiga perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah subtitusi konsentrat dengan pelet yang mengandung tanin level 0%, 1%, dan 2% berdasarkan presentase bahan kering (BK). Metode produksi gas Menke dan Steingass digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan masa inkubasi selama 48 jam. Parameter yang diamati adalah pH cairan produk fermentasi, kadar ammonia (NH3), kadar protein mikroba, kadar asam lemak terbang (Volatile Fatty Acids/VFA), jumlah protozoa, produksi gas CO2, dan metana (CH4). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis variansi pola searah (One Way ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan uji Duncan�s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelet campuran tiga daun sumber tanin hingga level 2% mampu menurunkan kadar metana, amonia, protein mikroba, populasi protozoa, dan rasio asetat dan propionat (P<0,05) namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap produksi CO2 dan VFA (P>0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelet daun sumber tanin hingga level 2% mampu menurunkan produksi metana dan tidak berpengaruh negatif terhadap produksi VFA.

The mitigation effort to reduce methane emissions and the improvement of feed efficiency using plant bioactive compounds has been extensively studied and applied as feed supplements and additives. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feed pellet containing three leaves mixtures as tannin sources (Acacia mangium Willd, Swietenia mahagoni, and Artocarpus heterophyllus) on in vitro methane production. Pelleted leaves were applied to substitute the use of concentrate in the diet (grass:concentrate, 60:40) with three substitution levels equal to tannin concentration at 0%, 1%, and 2% based on dry matter (DM). All dietary treatments were used as a substrate for in vitro fermentation by Menke and Steingass gas production method for 48 hours of incubation. The methane production and ruminal fermentation parameters were measured at the end of incubation. Obtained data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result of this study presented that the application of pelleted leaves feeds up to 2% could reduce methane production, ammonia and microbial protein concentrations, protozoa�s population, and the proportion of C2:C3 (P<0.05), but it did not affect the production of CO2 and VFA (P>0.05). As the result of this study could be concluded that substitution of concentrate with pelleted leaves as tannin source up to 2% could decrease in vitro methane production without giving a negative effect to VFA production.

Kata Kunci : Tanin,Mitigasi Metana,Pelet,Akasia,Mahoni,Nangka