PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT MOLER PADA BAWANG MERAH DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN FUNGISIDA

DANIEL YOGA SIMAMORA, Dr. Ir. Arif Wibowo, M.Agr.Sc; Ani Widiastuti, S.P., M.P., Ph.D

2021 | Skripsi | S1 PROTEKSI TANAMAN

Salah satu penyakit penting pada bawang merah yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan produksi dan gagal panen yaitu penyakit moler yang disebabkan oleh beberapa patogen seperti Fusarium solani, Fusarium acutatum, dan Fusarium oxysporum. Pengendalian penyakit moler pada bawang merah dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, salah satunya yaitu dengan pengendalian secara kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas daya hambat dan penekanan kejadian penyakit oleh fungisida berbahan aktif triazole, azoxystrobin/difenoconazole, dan propineb dalam mengendalikan penyakit moler pada bawang merah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan dua pengujian meliputi uji in vitro dan uji lapang dengan parameter pengamatan berupa pertumbuhan koloni Fusarium acutatum, kejadian penyakit, dan pengamatan agronomis berupa berat basah, berat kering, dan berat umbi bawang merah. Uji in vitro dilakukan di Laboratorium Ilmu Penyakit Tumbuhan, Departemen Hama Penyakit dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada dan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Sedangkan, uji lapang dilakukan di Lahan Pertanian Kecamatan Kretek, Bantul dan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL). Hasil dari uji fungisida secara in vitro menunjukkan bahwa fungisida berbahan aktif triazole dan fungisida berbahan aktif campuran antara azoxystrobin dan difenoconazole efektif menekan pertumbuhan koloni Fusarium acutatum. Sedangkan hasil dari uji fungisida di lapang menunjukkan bahwa fungisida berbahan aktif triazole, fungisida berbahan aktif campuran azoxystrobin dan difenoconazole, dan fungisida berbahan aktif propineb tidak mampu secara efektif menekan perkembangan penyakit moler di lapang.

One of the important shallot disease causing a decrease in production and crop failure is twisted disease. Shallot twisted disease can caused by Fusarium solani, Fusarium acutatum, and Fusarium oxysporum. Chemical control is one alternative ways to control shallot twisted disease. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of inhibition and reduction of disease incidence after using a fungicides with the active ingredients of triazole, azoxystrobin/difenoconazole, and propineb in controlling twisted disease in shallot. This research was conducted in two experiments which were in vitro test and field test with observation parameters which were of colony growth of Fusarium acutatum, disease incidence, and agronomic observations which were wet weight, dry weight, and tuber weight of shallot. In vitro tests were conducted in the Plant Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University and arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Meanwhile, the field test was conducted in the Kretek, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa, Yogyakarta and arranged in a Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD). The results of in vitro fungicide test showed that the fungicides with the active ingredients of triazole and fungicides with the active ingredients of a mixture of azoxystrobin and difenoconazole are effective in suppressing the growth of Fusarium acutatum colonies. Meanwhile, the results of fungicide test in field showed that the fungicide with the active ingredient triazole, fungicide with the mixture active ingredient azoxystrobin and difenoconazole, and fungicide with the active ingredient propineb was not able to effectively suppress the development of twisted disease in the field.

Kata Kunci : Bawang merah, penyakit moler, triazole, azoxystrobin/difenoconazole, propineb