PRARANCANGAN PABRIK AROMATIK (B.T.X) DARI HYDROPYROLISIS BATU BARA DENGAN KAPASITAS 946.000 TON/TAHUN

REZA YUSTIKA B, Ir. Imam Prasetyo, M.Eng., Ph.D.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNIK KIMIA

Pabrik ini direncanakan berdiri dengan kapasitas produksi senyawa aromatis (benzene toluene, dan xylene) sebesar 946.000 ton/tahun. Berdasarkan kapasitas tersebut, diperlukan bahan baku utama yaitu batu bara sebanyak 566.444 kg/jam serta gas hidrogen sebanyak 9480 kg/jam. Ada pun kebutuhan bahan pendukung seperti phenanthrene sebanyak 35.100 kg/jam. Senyawa aromatis (benzene, toluene, xylene) dapat disintesis dari nafta yang merupakan senyawa hasil dari proses cracking minyak bumi. Nafta juga bisa diperoleh dari batubara, salah satunya dengan proses hydropyrolisis. Proses ini membutuhkan bantuan hidrogen dan solven phenanthrene sebagai agen utama pada proses hydropyrolisis. Kondisi operasi dari reaktor hydropyrolisis mencapai suhu 490 C dan tekanan 160 atm. Nafta diubah menjadi berbagai senyawa aromatis, non aromatis dan gas ringan melalui 2 reaktor catalytic reforming yang disusun seri dengan katalis Pt/Al2O3. Kondisi operasi untuk reaktor ini adalah 510 C dan 3,5 atm. Campuran senyawa aromatis, non-aromatis dan gas ringan yang merupakan hasil dari proses catalytic reforming kemudian dipisahkan melalui beberapa alat seperti knock out drum serta beberapa sequence menara distilasi hingga didapatkan hasil senyawa aromatis murni seperti benzene, toluene, xylene, etil benzene dan cumene. Pabrik senyawa aromatik (benzene,toluene dan xylene) ini direncanakan berdiri pada tahun 2026 di Bontang, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Kebutuhan untuk menjalankan pabrik ini meliputi listrik sebanyak 11 MW/tahun, air make-up dari air laut sebanyak 960 ton/jam, udara instrument sebanyak 1.456.413,98 kg/jam, dan bahan bakar sebanyak 66.777 kg/jam. Untuk mengoperasikan pabrik ini dibutuhkan modal tetap yang sebesar $163.050.028,31+Rp 1.366.292.668.707,12 dan modal kerja $164.993.877,73 + Rp 18.297.671.355,35. Berdasarkan evaluasi ekonomi yang dilakukan, pabrik gasifikasi batu bara ini tergolong high risk dengan nilai ROI 46,35%, POT 1,77 tahun, BEP 43,31%, SDP 24,46%, dan DCFRR 27,78%. Berdasarkan nilai-nilai diatas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pabrik ini menarik secara ekonomi dan layak untuk dikaji lebih lanjut.

This plant is designed with a production capacity of 946,000 tons of aromatic compounds (benzene, toluene, and xylene). Based on this capacity, the main raw materials needed are coal as much as 566,444 kg/hour and hydrogen gas as much as 9480 kg/hour. There is also the need for supporting materials such as phenanthrene as much as 35,100 kg/hour. Aromatic compounds (benzene, toluene, xylene) can be synthesized from naphtha which is a compounds that produced from petroleum cracking process. Naphtha can also be obtained from coal, using hydropyrolysis process. This process requires hydrogen and phenanthrene as the main agent in the hydropyrolysis process. The operating conditions of the hydropyrolysis reactor reached a temperature of 490 C and a pressure of 160 atm. Naphtha is converted into various aromatic compounds, non-aromatic and light gases through 2 catalytic reforming reactors arranged in series model with Pt/Al2O3 catalyst. The operating conditions for this reactor are 510 C and 3.5 atm. Mixture of aromatic, non-aromatic compounds and light gases that produced from catalytic reforming process then separated through several tools such as knock out drums and several sequences of distillation towers to obtain pure aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, xylene, ethyl benzene and cumene. The aromatic compounds (benzene, toluene and xylene) plant is planned to be build in 2026 in Bontang, East Kalimantan Province. The needs to run this plant includes electricity as much as 11 MW/year, make-up water from sea water as much as 960 tons/hour, air instrument as much as 1,456,413.98 kg/hour, and fuel as much as 66,777 kg/hour. To operate this factory, a fixed capital of $163,050,028.31+Rp 1,366,292,668,707.12 and a working capital of $164,993,877.73 + Rp 18,297,671,355.35 are required. Based on the economic evaluation conducted, this coal hydropyrolysis plant is classified as high risk with an ROI of 46.35%, POT of 1.77 years, BEP of 43.31%, SDP of 24.46%, and DCFRR of 27.78%. Based on the above values, it can be concluded that this factory is economically attractive and deserves further study.

Kata Kunci : batu bara, benzen, toluen, xylen, hydropyrolisis, katalitik reforming / coal, benzene, toluene, xylene, hydropyrolisis, catalytic reforming