PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN KUMBANG KUBAH PREDATOR Micraspis lineata PADA Aphis craccivora

AMALIA USWATUN KHASANAH, Dr. Ir. Nugroho Susetya Putra, M.Si.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 PROTEKSI TANAMAN

Waktu pertumbuhan Micraspis lineata pradewasa dipengaruhi oleh jumlah mangsa yang dikonsumsi setiap hari. Jenis, jumlah dan kualitas makanan mempengaruhi waktu perkembangan menuju stadium selanjutnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui lama perkembangan M. lineata pradewasa pada jumlah mangsa yang berbeda dan preferensi makan imago M. lineata pada A. craccivora dan N. lugens. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memberi pakan dalam jumlah berbeda (5, 15, dan 25 kutudaun craccivora/hari) pada larva M. lineata mulai dari instar I hingga imago. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan mencatat waktu pergantian kulit larva kemudian lama perkembangan pada setiap stadium. Tingkat survivorship larva pada masing-masing perlakuan dinyatakan sebagai persentase larva yang lulus menjadi individu baru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa larva instar III berkembang paling cepat pada perlakuan 25 kutudaun craccivora per hari dengan rerata 2,83 hari, dan paling lama pada perlakuan 5 kutudaun craccivora yaitu 4,60 hari. Perkembangan larva instar IV pada perlakuan 5, 15 dan 25 kutudaun craccivora berturut turut 9,10 hari; 5,91 hari; dan 4,83 hari. Sementara itu, perkembangan pupa pada perlakuan 5, 15, dan 25 kutudaun craccivora berturut turut adalah 4,60 hari; 3,73 hari; dan 3,92 hari, serta tidak berbeda nyata. Persen survivorship larva M. lineata semakin tinggi seiring dengan bertambahnya jumlah mangsa. Hasil uji preferensi menunjukkan bahwa M. lineata lebih memilih makan pada kutudaun craccivora, sebesar 88,89% dibandingkan 11,11% yang memilih memangsa N. lugens pada saat pertama kali makan. Jumlah mangsa yang dimakan M. lineata selama 2 jam yaitu A. craccivora sebanyak 3,22 (kurang lebih 0,40) ekor, dan berbeda nyata dengan N. lugens yang hanya 1,56 ekor (kurang lebih 0,24).

Development time of pre-adult Micraspis lineata is influenced by the daily amount of prey consumption. Food quantity, quality and variation affect time period of developmental stages of the coccinellidae family. The aim of study was to determine the developmental time of M. lineata wich were given different prey quantities and M. lineata feeding preferences on A. craccivora and N. lugens. The experiment was conducted by feeding M. lineata different food quantities (5, 15, and 25 A. craccivora/day) from the first instar to adult. Observation was conducted by recording each larvae molting and each stage development time. Every died larvae during the observation was counted to determine the survival rate in each treatment. The results showed that the development time of the first and second instar larvae in the three treatments were not significantly different. The third instar larvae was found to developed the fastest in the treatment of 25 A. craccivora consumption. In the fourth instars, the duration of development in the 5, 15 and 25 A. craccivora/ day treatments was 9.10 days, respectively; 5.91 days; and 4.83 days. Pupa development at 5, 15 and 25 A. craccivora treatments, respectively 4.60 days; 3.73 days; and 3.92 days. At 25 A. craccivora treatment the results showed that it was not significantly different with 5 and 15 A. craccivora consumption. The survival rate of larvae M. lineata increased with the increase of prey. An initial preference test which was conducted to M. lineata showed that 88.89% of M. lineata initially chose to prey A. craccivora, while other 11.11% preferred N. lugens as its prey. In 2 hours the number of A. craccivora consumed by M. lineata, which was 3.22 (approximately 0,40), and it was significantly different from N. lugens, which was 1.56 (approximately 0,24).

Kata Kunci : lama perkembangan, M. lineata, survivorship, preferensi makan, kutu daun craccivora, wereng batang cokelat.