PREVALENSI BALITA GIZI BURUK DAN STUNTING SEBELUM DAN SAAT PANDEMI COVID-19 DI PROVINSI DIY ANALISIS DATA SEKUNDER DINAS KESEHATAN DIY

NDARU TEJO LAKSONO, Tony Arjuna, M.NutDiet, Ph.D, AN, APD; Dr. Siti Helmyati, DCN, M.Kes

2021 | Skripsi | S1 GIZI KESEHATAN

Latar Belakang: Sebagai respon terhadap fenomena pandemi Covid-19, pemerintah harus melakukan realokasi dan refocusing program dan kegiatan dalam menangani pandemi Covid-19. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah untuk meminimalisir penyebaran Covid-19 adalah pembatasan kegiatan masyarakat dan mengurangi kegiatan yang menyebabkan kerumunan. Peneliti memiliki hipotesis bahwa ada perbedaan prevalensi balita gizi buruk dikarenakan upaya pembatasan kegiatan masyarakat dan perubahan pelaksanaan program, dalam hal ini Program PMT lewat posyandu yang tidak berjalan efektif karena pembatasan kegiatan yang dapat menimbulkan kerumunan dan kekhawatiran masyarakat tertular Covid-19. Peneliti memilih Provinsi DIY dikarenakan Provinsi DIY adalah salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang memiliki prevalensi gizi buruk balita paling rendah di tahun 2018. Tujuan: Mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan pada prevalensi stunting dan gizi buruk pada balita sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19 di DIY dan mengetahui hubungan program PMT dengan prevalensi gizi buruk pada balita di DIY Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis data sekunder. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat analisis: deskriptif, uji paired sample t test, serta korelasi. Analisis dekriptif digunakan untuk menganalisis data prevalensi stunting dan gizi buruk pada balita di Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi DIY saat pandemi COVID-19. Uji paired sample t test digunakan untuk menganalisis ada tidaknya perbedaan pada prevalensi stunting dan gizi buruk pada balita sebelum dan saat pandemi COVID-19 di DIY. Uji Korelasi digunakan untuk menganalisis ada tidaknya hubungan program PMT pada prevalensi gizi buruk pada balita di Provinsi DIY. Hasil: Dari analisis uji paired sample t test prevalensi gizi buruk (p=0,160) dan prevalensi stunting (p=0,158) tidak terdapat perbedaan baik sebelum dan saat pandemi. Hasil uji ini didukung dengan data di lapangan yang menunjukkan bahwa program kerja Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi DIY sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19 tidak ada perubahan. Uji korelasi pearson antara program PMT dengan prevalensi gizi buruk menunjukkan adanya hubungan (p=0,052). Hal ini diperkuat dengan data prevalensi gizi buruk balita di DIY yang cenderung mengalami penurunan sebagai dampak dari tetap berjalannya program posyandu yang ada di setiap wilayah di provinsi DIY saat pandemi. Kesimpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan dari prevalensi stunting dan gizi buruk pada balita di Provinsi DIY sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19. Terdapat hubungan antara PMT dengan prevalensi gizi buruk di Provinsi DIY

Backgrounds: In response to the Covid-19 pandemic phenomenon, the government must reallocate and refocus programs and activities in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. One of the efforts made by the government to minimize the spread of Covid-19 is to limit community activities and reduce activities that cause crowds. Researchers have a hypothesis that there is a difference in the prevalence of malnourished children under five due to efforts to limit community activities and changes in program implementation, in this case the PMT program through the posyandu which is not running effectively due to restrictions on activities that can cause crowds and community concerns about contracting Covid-19. Researchers chose DIY Province because DIY Province is one of the provinces in Indonesia that has the lowest prevalence of malnutrition under five in 2018. Aims: Knowing whether there is a difference in the prevalence of stunting and malnutrition in children under five before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in DIY province and knowing the relationship between the PMT program and the prevalence of malnutrition in children under five in DIY province Methods: The method used is secondary data analysis. The research was conducted using analytical tools: descriptive, paired sample t test, and correlation. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze data on the prevalence of stunting and malnutrition in children under five in the Regency/City of DIY Province during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paired sample t test was used to analyze whether there was a difference in the prevalence of stunting and malnutrition in children under five before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the DIY Province. The correlation test was used to analyze whether there was a relationship between the PMT program and the prevalence of malnutrition among children under five in the DIY Province. Results: From the analysis of the paired sample t test the prevalence of malnutrition (p = 0.160) and the prevalence of stunting (p = 0.158) there was no difference both before and during the pandemic. The results of this test are supported by data in the field which shows that the work program of the DIY Provincial Health Office before and during the Covid-19 pandemic did not change. Pearson correlation test between PMT program and the prevalence of malnutrition showed a correlation (p = 0.052). This is reinforced by data on the prevalence of malnourished toddlers in DIY, which tends to decrease as a result of the continuous operation of the posyandu program in every region in the DIY province during the pandemic. Conclusions: There is no significant difference in the prevalence of stunting and malnutrition among children under five in the DIY Province before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. There is a relationship between PMT and the prevalence of malnutrition in the DIY Province

Kata Kunci : Gizi buruk, stunting, PMT, Covid-19