Kesenian Rebana di Pantura Jawa Tengah :: Sebuah kajian musikologis

SINAGA, Syahrul Syah, Prof.Dr. I Made Bandem

2002 | Tesis | S2 Pengkajian Seni Pertunjukan dan Seni Rupa-UGM

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perbedaan ciri khas rebana di Pantura Jawa Tengah dengan menggunakan pendekatan Musikologis dan dibantu oleh disiplin Sejarah, Antropologi, dan Sastra, atau multidisiplin, dalam menjelaskan budaya rebana dan asal-usul rebana di Pantura Jawa Tengah, dengan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Rebana Pantura Jawa Tengah berasal dari tradisi seni baca selawat yang berisi puju-pujian atau do'a kepada Nabi Muhammad saw, dengan membaca kitab-kitab Al-barjanzi, Diba', Simthudduror, Ainama yang diiringi instrumen musik terbang. Perkembangan seni terbang berakulturasi dengan kesenian daerah setempat yang bernafaskan agama Islam, sehingga tenwujud kesenian Kentrung, Opek Abang, Zappin, Burok, Kuntulan, Simthudduror, Dengklung, Kasidah AI-Barjanzi, dan Gambus, dengan teks syair bahasa Arab, Jawa, dan Indonesia. Ciri khas kesenian rebana yang berkembang di Pantura Jawa Tengah dapat dikelompokkan menjadi rebana tradisional dengan digunakannya instrumen musik jenis membranophone rebana, yang berfungsi sebagai pemain ritmis atau pengatur tempo, dan rebana modern yang terdiri atas instrumen musik ritmis jenis membaranophone ditambah dengan instrumen musik melodis seperti gitar, biola, gambus, suling, set drum dan keyboard. Kolaborasi rebana di Pantura Jawa Tengah terbagi menjadi tiga kelompok, dengan ragam gaya yang berbeda antara Pekalongan, Semarang, dan Demak. Gaya Pekalongan ciri khasnya hanya mengiringi lagu-lagu selawat, gaya Semarang ciri khasnya memainkan lagu selawat, campur sari yang diselawatkan atau lagu dangdut dengan teks syair Selawat dengan bahasa Arab, dan gaya Demak dengan ciri khas mengiringi lagu campur sari atau dangdut dengan iringan instrumen rebana modern

This is a qualitative research which is aimed at describing the difference of "Rebanas" distinctive features in the North Coastal of Central Java. This research used intercultural musicological approach and supported by History, Antropology and Literature or we could say multi discipliner. In explaining about "rebana" in this area and also its history, the writer used observatioan, interview and documentation techniques. The North Coastal "rebana" in Central Java was adapted from the reading of "Sholawat" tradition (tradisi seni baca sholawat) which contains prayers adoration to Muhammad SAW prophet. The people read the book (kitab) of A-barjanzi, Diba', Simthudduror and Ainama. This activity accompanies by "terbang" (a kind of unmelodic music instrument) music instrument. The development of this kind of music acculturated with traditional arts in particular area of the North Coastal of Central Java so that resulted many kinds of traditional art such as Kentrung, Opak Abang, Zappin, Buroq, Kuntulan, Simthudduror, Dengklung, Khasidah Al-barjanzi and Gambus. Their lyrics use Arabian, Javanese and Indonesian language. The distinctive features of "rebana" which developed in the North Coastal of Central Java could be classified into two, they are traditional "rebana and modern "rebana". The first uses "rebana' membranophone music instrument which is functioned as ritmic instrument and the second uses "rebana" membranophon music instrument and it is add with melodic music instrument such as Guitar; Violin, "Gambus", Flute, Drum Set and Keyboard. The colaboration of "rebana" in the North Coatal of Central Java is devided into three groups of style, they are Pekalongan, Semarang and Demak style. In the Pekalongan style, this music is only accompanying "shalawat" song, in the Semarang style, however, beside "shalawat" song they also play "campursari" which is made like "shalawat" song or "dangdut" song by using "shalawat" lirics. The latest is Demak style, it accompanies "campursari" or "dangdut" by using modern "rebana" instrument.

Kata Kunci : Seni Musik,Rebana