Silvikultur Tradisional dan Kelestarian Wono di Kabupaten Gunungkidul

TOHIRIN, Dr. Priyono Suryanto, S.Hut., M.P.; Dr. Ir. Ronggo Sadono

2021 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KEHUTANAN

Masyarakat Gunungkidul mengenal tiga jenis tata guna lahan berbasis pohon, yaitu pekarangan, tegalan, dan wono. Wono dicirikan dengan jaraknya yang jauh dari pemukiman dan didominasi oleh vegetasi kehutanan berupa monokultur atau polikultur. Pengelolaan wono menggunakan teknik silvikultur tradisional dan mempunyai fungsi secara ekonomi, ekologi, dan sosial. Untuk menjaga wono sesuai dengan fungsinya, maka perlu dilakukan pengelolaan wono secara lestari. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan pengelolaan wono berdasarkan silvikultur tradisional yang berkembang di Kabupaten Gunungkidul, dan (2) mengetahui status kelestarian pengelolaan wono dari aspek produksi, ekologi, dan sosial. Lokasi penelitian di Kabupaten Gunungkidul dalam rentang waktu tahun 2020-2021. Survei dilakukan dengan kuesioner terhadap 36 responden petani wono. Wawancara dilakukan kepada tokoh kunci pengelolaan hutan rakyat. Observasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui kondisi pengelolaan wono. Analisis silvikultur tradisional pengelolaan wono menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Analisis kelestarian pengelolaan wono berdasarkan pedoman penilaian kelestarian PHBM skema LEI yang dimodifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Sistem pengelolaan wono di Kabupaten Gunungkidul, masyarakat menerapkan praktik silvikultur tradisional yaitu dengan jenis dan komposisi tanaman yang beragam, menggunakan permudaan alam, dan pemanenan dengan sistem "tebang butuh". Praktik silvikultur tradisional yang diterapkan oleh pemilik lahan wono atas dasar pengalaman dan tradisi bertahun-tahun dapat dianggap berkelanjutan karena mengadopsi jenis tebangan yang mendukung regenerasi tanaman, dan (2) Berdasarkan tiga aspek kelestarian fungsi (produksi, ekologi, sosial) yang dianalisis, pengelolaan wono di Kabupaten Gunungkidul termasuk dalam kategori "Sedang", artinya pengelolaan wono di Kabupaten Gunungkidul masih belum memenuhi persyaratan minimum pencapaian kinerja kelestarian fungsinya saat ini.

The community of Gunungkidul recognizes three types of tree-based land use management, namely pekarangan, tegalan, and wono. Wono is characterized by its distance far from settlements and is dominated by forestry vegetation in the form of monoculture or polyculture. Wono management uses traditional silvicultural techniques and has economic, ecological, and social functions. To maintain wono following its function, it is necessary to sustainable wono management. Therefore, this study aims to: (1) describe the management of wono based on traditional silviculture that developed in Gunungkidul Regency, and (2) determine the sustainability status of management wono based on production, ecological, and social aspects. The research location is in Gunungkidul Regency in the period 2020-2021. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire to 36 respondents from farmers wono. Interviews were conducted with key figures in community forest management. Observations were made to determine the condition of the management wono. The traditional silvicultural analysis of management wono uses descriptive analysis. Analysis of the sustainability of wono management based on the modified PHBM sustainability assessment guidelines of LEI scheme. The results showed: (1) the wono management system in Gunungkidul Regency, the community applies traditional silvicultural practices, namely with various types and compositions of plants, using natural regeneration, and harvesting with the "tebang butuh" system. The traditional silvicultural practices applied by the wono landowners based on years of experience and tradition can be considered sustainable because they adopt the types of logging that support plant regeneration, and (2) based on the analyzed three aspects of sustainable function (production, ecology, social), wono management in Gunungkidul Regency is included in the "Medium" category, meaning that the management of wono in Gunungkidul Regency still does not meet the minimum requirements for achieving the current performance of its function sustainability.

Kata Kunci : Kelestarian, Silvikultur Tradisional, Wono