Dampak Pandemi COVID-19 terhadap Perubahan Pendapatan dan Kerentanan Rumah Tangga Pelaku Urban Farming di Kota Yogyakarta

SOTYA TRESNA ANGGITA, Prof. Dr. Ir. Irham, M.Sc.; Dr. Ir. Lestari Rahayu Waluyati, M.P.

2021 | Tesis | Magister Manajemen Agribisnis

Masyarakat Kota Yogyakarta sudah melaksanakan kegiatan urban farming beberapa tahun yang lalu untuk memanfaatkan lahan pekarangannya. Pandemi COVID-19 yang menyebar dapat menyebabkan berbagai dampak pada kehidupan rumah tangga masyarakat Kota Yogyakarta karena adanya perubahan sosial dan ekonomi. Pandemi COVID-19 dapat berakibat pada pendapatan rumah tangga pelaku urban farming, sehingga dapat menyebabkan kerentanan rumah tangga. Pandemi COVID-19 juga dapat menyebabkan penurunan pendapatan rumah tangga pelaku urban farming Kota Yogyakarta yang disebabkan kerentanan dan faktor demografi. Kerentanan ditunjukkan dengan indeks keterpaparan, indeks sensitivitas, dan indeks kapasitas adaptasi, sedangkan demografi berupa usia, pendidikan, jumlah anggota keluarga, dan sumber penghasilan berdasarkan gender. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui pengaruh pandemi COVID-19 terhadap perubahan pendapatan rumah tangga pelaku urban farming; (2) mengetahui tingkat kerentanan rumah tangga pelaku urban farming karena adanya pandemi COVID-19; (3) mengetahui pengaruh kerentanan terhadap penurunan pendapatan rumah tangga pelaku urban farming selama adannya pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Kraton dan Wirobrajan, Kota Yogyakarta pada bulan Juni hingga Juli 2020 melalui kuesioner yang diisi oleh 65 responden. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu uji Wilcoxon, penentuan nilai livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) dan uji regresi linier berganda. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan penurunan pendapatan rumah tangga dengan tingkat kerentanan penghidupan rumah tangga cukup rentan. Faktor sumber pendapatan berdasarkan gender perempuan dan indeks keterpaparan secara individu berpengaruh positif terhadap penurunan pendapatan rumah tangga pelaku urban farming di Kota Yogyakarta.

The people of Yogyakarta City have carried out urban farming activities several years ago to utilize their home garden. The COVID-19 pandemic that spreads can cause various impacts on the household life of the people of Yogyakarta City due to social and economic changes. The COVID-19 pandemic can affect the household income of urban people who carry out urban farming, to cause household vulnerability. The COVID-19 pandemic can also cause a decrease in the household income of urban people who carry out urban farming in Yogyakarta City due to vulnerability and demographic factors. Vulnerability is indicated by the exposure index, sensitivity index, and adaptive capacity index, while the demographic factors include age, education, number of family members, and main income earner by gender. This study aims to (1) determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on changes in household income of urban people who carry out urban farming; (2) determine the level of vulnerability household of urban people who carry out urban farming due to the COVID-19 pandemic; (3) determine the effect of vulnerability on the decrease in household income of urban people who carry out urban farming during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted in the Kraton and Wirobrajan Sub-districts, Yogyakarta City from June to July 2020 through a questionnaire filled out by 65 respondents. The research method used is the Wilcoxon test, determining the value of the livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) and multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a decrease in household income with the level of household livelihood vulnerability being quite vulnerable. The main income earner factor based on the women's gender and exposure index individually have a positive effect on decreasing household incomes for urban people who carry out urban farming in Yogyakarta City.

Kata Kunci : Livelihood vulnerability index, Pandemi COVID-19, Pendapatan rumah tangga, Regresi linier berganda, Uji Wilcoxon, Urban farming/ COVID-19 pandemic, Household income, Livelihood vulnerability index, Multiple linear regression, Urban farming, Wilcoxon test