Analisis Pengembangan Desa Tertinggal berdasarkan Tipologi Desa di Kabupaten Parigi Moutong

DITA SEPTYANA, Dr. Lutfi Muta`ali, S.Si., MT ; Dr. Andri Kurniawan, S.Si., M.Si

2021 | Tesis | MAGISTER GEOGRAFI

Perbedaan kondisi geografis, sosial dan ekonomi suatu wilayah menyebabkan adanya ketimpangan pembangunan, demikian halnya yang terjadi di Kabupaten Parigi Moutong. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengidentifikasi faktor penentu ketertinggal desa menganalisis pola spasial desa tertinggal di Kabupaten Parigi Moutong, menganalisis tipologi desa tertinggal di Kabupaten Parigi Moutong dan merumuskan strategi pengembangan desa tertinggal di Kabupaten Parigi Moutong berdasarkan tipologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode mix method, dengan beberapa analisis yaitu teknik analisis faktor digunakan untuk menentukan faktor ketertinggalan, teknik analisis autocorelasispasial untuk menganalisis pola spasial, analisis crosstab (tabulasi silang) digunakan untuk menganalisis tipologi desa tertinggal dan analisis IFES/EFAS, SWOT dan QSPM digunakan untuk merumuskan strategi pengembangan desa tertingal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil 1) Faktor penentu ketertinggalan di Kabupaten Parigi Moutong terbentuk oleh 4 faktor yaitu yaitu faktor jarak dan fasilitas kesehatan,, faktor fasilitas pendidikan, aksesibilitas dan tingkat kesejahteraan, faktor kualitas sumberdaya manusia dan penggunaan listrik, faktor bencana alam, sumberdaya ekonomi dan mata pencaharian penduduk dengan besaran initial eigenvalues secara cumulative adalah 68,885%. 2) nilai indeks Moran sebesar 0,771240 yang artinya bahwa terdapat autokorelasi spasial pada nilai IDM dengan pola sebaran yang mengelompok, dan hasil analisis lokal dengan uji LISA yaitu Moran Scatterplot dapat dilihat bahwa pola sebaran data berada pada kuadran I, II, III dan IV, berdasarkan analisis LISA Cluster Map dan LISA Significance Map mengindikasi bahwa upaya pengembangan desa belum merata dan masih terdapat ketimpangan. 3) Desa-desa tertinggal di Kabupaten Parigi Moutong terbagi menjadi 7 tipologi yaitu desa perladangan di pegunungan, desa perladangan di perbukitan, desa perkebunan di perbukitan, desa persawahan di dataran, desa perladangan di dataran, desa perkebunan di dataran, dan desa nelayan di pesisir. Desa tertinggal paling banyak berada di dataran sebab sebagian besar desa-desa di kabupaten Parigi Moutong berada di daerah dataran dan beberapa diantara desa-desa tersebut merupakan desa pemakaran baru, sehingga masih belum berkembang. 4) Pada umumnya potensi yang dimiliki yang dimiliki desa-desa tertinggal di Kabupaten Parigi Moutong adalah potensi pertanian, perkebunan dan perikanan. Permasalahan yang dihadapi yaitu kuaitas sumberdaya manunisa yang masih rendah sehingga belum dapat maksimal mengelola potensi sumberdaya alam yang ada. Strategi pengembangan desa tertinggal di Kabupaten Parigi Moutong berdasarkan hasil analisis Lingkungan Eksternal yaitu grow and build, sebab sejatinya desa-desa tertinggal telah memiliki potensi namun pengelolaan potensi yang ada belum optimal.

The differences of geographical, social, and economic condition of a region cause inequality of development; as well as happened in Parigi Moutong Regency. This research aims to identify the determinants of underdeveloped villages, analyze the spatial pattern of underdeveloped villages, analyze the typology of underdeveloped villages, and formulate the development strategy for underdeveloped villages in Parigi Moutong Regency based on the typology. This research used mix method with several analyzes, namely factor analysis technique that used to determine the underdeveloped factors, spatial autocorrelation technique to analyze spatial patterns, crosstab analysis to analyze the typology of underdeveloped villages, and IFES/EFAS, SWOT, QSPM analysis to formulate the development strategy for underdeveloped villages. The result shows: 1) The determinants of underdeveloped in Parigi Moutong Regency were formed by 4 factors: distance and health facilities factors, educational facilities, accessibility, and welfare levels factors, human resource quality and electricity use factors, natural disaster, economic resources, and household livelihoods factors with cumulative initial eigenvalues is 68.885%. 2) the Moran index value of 0.771240 which means that there is a spatial autocorrelation in the IDM value with a clustered distribution pattern, and the results of local analysis using the LISA, namely Moran Scatterplot, it can be seen that the data distribution pattern is in quadrants I, II, III and IV, based on the analysis of the LISA Cluster Map and the LISA Significance Map, it indicates that the efforts to develop villages have not been evenly distributed and there are still gaps. 3) The underdeveloped villages in Parigi Moutong Regency are divided into 7 typologies, namely farming villages in the mountains, farming villages in the hills, plantation villages in the hills, paddy field villages in the plains, farming villages in the plains, plantation villages in the plains, and fishing villages in the coastal areas. Most of the underdeveloped villages are in the plains because most of the villages in Parigi Moutong District are in the plains and some of these villages are new development villages, so they are still not developed yet. 4) Generally, the potential possessed by underdeveloped villages in Parigi Moutong Regency is the potential for agricultures, plantations and fisheries. The problem faced is that the quality of human resources is still low so that it has not been able to optimally manage the potential of existing natural resources. The development strategy for underdeveloped villages in Parigi Moutong Regency is based on the results of the External Environment analysis, namely grow and build, because in fact underdeveloped villages have potential but the management of the existing potential is less than optimal.

Kata Kunci : Desa Tertinggal, Pengembangan Desa, Tipologi Desa