PENGARUH MODAL SOSIAL TERHADAP KEMISKINAN RUMAH TANGGA DI INDONESIA

AGUSTINUR SAPUTRI, Dr. Umi Listyaningsih, M.Si.; Dr. Agr. Evita Hanie Pangaribowo., M.IDEC.

2021 | Tesis | MAGISTER KEPENDUDUKAN

Tujuan utama Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adalah menghapus segala bentuk kemiskinan di manapun. Maka dari itu, pengentasan kemiskinan menjadi prioritas pembangunan nasional di Indonesia. Pemerintah telah melakukan berbagai strategi dan menggelontorkan anggaran yang besar untuk mengurangi kemiskinan. Salah satu strategi lain yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan pemanfaatan modal sosial. Perbedaan hasil ekonomi, baik di tingkat individu, rumah tangga, maupun negara, tidak dapat dijelaskan sepenuhnya oleh perbedaan modal tradisional pembangunan (manusia, alam, dan fisik), tetapi dipengaruhi juga oleh modal sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik rumah tangga di Indonesia dan kondisi kemiskinannya serta gambaran modal sosial mereka menurut wilayah, demografi, dan sosial ekonomi. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bermaksud menganalisis pengaruh modal sosial terhadap kemiskinan rumah tangga di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) September 2018 yang dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan inferensia. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas rumah tangga di Indonesia, rumah tangga miskin, dan rumah tangga bermodal sosial tinggi memiliki kesamaan karakteristik menurut wilayah serta jenis kelamin dan status kawin kepala rumah tangga (KRT); namun terdapat juga perbedaan karakteristik menurut jumlah anggota rumah tangga serta umur, pendidikan, dan pekerjaan utama KRT. Indeks modal sosial rumah tangga di Indonesia adalah sebesar 52,63 dan dimensi aksi bersama memiliki skor tertinggi, yaitu 71,61. Analisis regresi logistik biner menemukan bahwa modal sosial signifikan berpengaruh negatif terhadap peluang rumah tangga menjadi miskin. Variabel kontrol seperti wilayah tempat tinggal, jenis kelamin KRT, status kawin KRT, jumlah ART, umur KRT, jenjang pendidikan KRT, dan pekerjaan utama KRT turut memengaruhi kemiskinan rumah tangga.

The main goal of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to end poverty in all its forms everywhere. Therefore, poverty alleviation is a national development priority in Indonesia. The government has implemented various strategies and spent large budget to reduce poverty. One other strategy that can be done is by utilizing social capital. Differences in economic outcomes, whether at the individual, household, or country level, cannot be fully explained by differences in traditional development capital (human, natural, and physical), but are also influenced by social capital. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of households in Indonesia and their poverty conditions as well as a description of their social capital by area, demographics, and socioeconomics. In addition, this study also intended to analyze the effect of social capital on household poverty in Indonesia. This study used data from National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) of September 2018 which was analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis. The results of descriptive analysis showed that the majority of households in Indonesia, poor households, and households with high social capital had similar characteristics by area as well as gender and marital status of household head; however, there were also differences in characteristics by the number of household members as well as age, education level, and main occupation of household head. The household social capital index in Indonesia was 52,63 and the collective action dimension had the highest score, which was 71,61. Binary logistic regression analysis found that social capital had a significant negative effect on the household probability of being poor. Control variables such as area of residence, household head's gender, household head's marital status, number of household members, household head's age, household head's education level, and household head's main occupation also affected household poverty.

Kata Kunci : Modal Sosial, Kemiskinan, Regresi Logistik Biner, SUSENAS