PEMBANGUNAN BUNKER JEPANG JOGOTIRTO, BERBAH, SLEMAN: TINJAUAN GEOPOLITIS, GEOSTRATEGIS, DAN LOKASIONAL

SYAHRUL ALFI Q, Dr. Daud Aris Tanudirjo, M.A

2021 | Skripsi | S1 ARKEOLOGI

Bangunan Bunker Jepang Jogotirto, Berbah, Sleman adalah fasilitas pertahanan yang dibuat pada masa pendudukan Jepang, pada tahun 1942-1945. Bunker Jepang yang kini menjadi cagar budaya masih relatif utuh kondisinya, mungkin karena tidak pernah mengalami penyerangan langsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkapkan latarbelakang pendirian, kegunaan, dan keterkaitannya dengan bangunan pertahanan lain di sekitar bunker Jogotirto ini, karena bunker ini belum pernah diteliti secara serius. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode historical archaeology yang menggunakan catatan/data sejarah untuk menjelaskan latar belakang pembangunan dan alasan penempatan secara bangunan pertahanan ini. Data arkeologis diperoleh melalui observasi di lapangan maupun peta-peta. Hasil dari penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa bunker Jogotirto didirikan sebagai bagian dari perwujudan geopolitik dan geostrategi global yang direncanakan oleh Jepang, untuk menguasai Asia Pasifik. Posisi bunker Jogotirto yang berada tidak jauh dari pesisir selatan Jawa merupakan fasilitas pendukung dalam rangkaian benteng-benteng yang dibangun di Jawa sebagai tiruan dari Atlantik Wall ala Jerman di Eropa, yang diterapkan di Hindia-Belanda, khususnya Pulau Jawa. Fasilitas pertahanan ini lebih difungsikan sebagai fasilitas pendukung untuk menyimpan amunisi beragam jenis, termasuk senjata berat, untuk memasok kebutuhan di fasilitas pertahanan Jepang lain terutama di kawasan sekitar Yogyakarta selama Perang Dunia II, sebagaimana dapat ditunjukkan dari tinjauan lokasional terhadap bunker ini. Selain itu, bunker Jogotirto juga strategis sebagai tempat pengawasan terhadap kondisi Lapangan Udara Maguwo yang lokasinya tidak begitu jauh.

The bunker of Jogotirto, Berbah, Sleman is a defense facility that was built by the Japanese during their occuppation in 1942-1945. This bunker is registered as cultural heritage and is relatively in good condition, perhaps it has never experienced direct attacks form enemy. This bunker has never been thoroughly researched so far.Therefore, this research is conducted especially to reveal the background of its establishment and function as well as its relationship with other defense buildings around Yogyakarta area. In this study, historical archeology is used as an approach to explain the background of its establishment and its particular function related to the location of the defense facility. Historical records and archives are important sources of knowledge to elucidate the existence of this complex of bunkers. Meanwhile, the archaeological data was obtained through field observations. Maps are used to demonstrate the relation of Jogotiro bunkers to other defense facilities around Yogyakarta. The results show that the Jogotirto bunker was established as part of the realization of the geopolitics and global geostrategy planned by Japan to control the entire Asia Pacific region. The Island of Java was considered as an important stance for Japan and it should be defended from Allied Force based in Australia. Locationally, the position of the Jogotirto bunkers were not far from the southern coast of Java in that area some Japanese defense facilities were also established as a series of forts built in Java to imitate the German "Atlantic Wall" in Europe, which was applied by Japan in the Dutch East Indies. In this context, Jogotirto bunkers served as a supporting facility to store various types of weapons and amunition, including heavy weapons, to supply the needs in other Japanese defense facilities during World War II, especially in the area around Yogyakarta. This can be showed from this location and the form of the bunkers. In addition, the location of the Jogotirto bunker is also a strategic place to monitor the condition of the Maguwo Airfield, which is located not too far away and can be seen from surrounding area of the Jogotirto bunkers.

Kata Kunci : Japanese Bunker, Jogotirto, Geopolitic, Geostrategic, Locational