Evaluasi Kinerja (Perfomance) Mesin Diesel Di Sektor Pertanian (Traktor Roda Empat) Dengan Bahan Bakar Biodiesel

DONY ANGGIT SASMITO, Prof. Dr. Eng. Ir. Arief Budiman, M. S., IPU; Dr. FX Lilik Tri Mulyantara, STP, M.Si

2021 | Tesis | MAGISTER TEKNIK SISTEM

Peningkatan penggunaan biodiesel merupakan salah satu bentuk komitmen pemerintah Indonesia untuk meningkatkan penggunaan sumber energi terbarukan sampai 23% dari konsumsi energi national pada tahun 2025. Program mandatori biodiesel perlu dilakukan pengembangan secara berkelanjutan. Penerapan program ini diharapkan dapat membantu mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK). Kementerian Pertanian mendukung program mandatori biodiesel dengan melakukan kajian penerapan biodiesel untuk mesin- mesin pertanian khususnya traktor roda embat. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan biodiesel terhadap unjuk kinerja mesin pertanian traktor roda empat pada beberapa variasi campuran, mendapatkan komposisi campuran biodiesel yang memberikan kinerja mesin optimal dan mendapatkan informasi untuk pengambilan keputusan penerapan biodiesel pada mesin pertanian traktor roda empat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan uji kinerja mesin traktor roda empat di laboratorium mengecu pada SNI 7146-2019. Menggunakan bahan bakar biodiesel dennen variasi campuran dari B10 Sampaio dengan B100. Mekanisme pengujian yaitu dennen pemberian beban secara bertahap pada PTO dynamometer sehingga diperoleh daya maksimal, kebutuhan bahan bakar spesifik, torsi dan efisiensi penerusan daya. Selain itu, juga dilakukan perbandingan performansi mesin dyngan menggunakan biodiesel dan banan bakar biosolar Serta DEX. Hasil penelitian yaitu biodiesel B20 menghasilkan inlay terbesar dental efisiensi penerusan daya sebesar 80,15%, daya maksimal 23,55 kW, torsi 44 kgf, bahan bakar spesifik 250,54 gr/kW. jam pada maksimal governor. Pada putaran PTO 540 rpm dengan ninai efisiensi penerusan daya 80,97 %, daya maksimal 23,79 kW, torsi 42 kgf, bahan bakar spesifik 256,12 gr/kW. jam. Biodiesel B100 menunjukkan performansi mesin terendah yaitu pada maksimal governor efisiensi penerusan daya 76,12 %, daya maksimal 22,37 kW, bahan bakar spesifik 273,49 gr/kW. jam, torsi 40 kgf. Pada putaran PTO 540 rpm dengan ninai efisiensi penerusan daya 76,55 %, daya maksimal 22,49 kW, bahan bakar spesifik 272,37 gr/kW.jam, torsi 40 kgf. Kinerja mesin traktor menggunakan biosolar lebih bagus dibandingkan dengan biodiesel.

Increasing the use of biodiesel is one of the Indonesian government's commitments to increase the use of renewable energy sources to 23% of national energy consumption by 2025. The mandatory biodiesel program needs to be developed sustainably. The implementation of this program is expected to help reduce dependence on fossil energy, reduce air pollution emissions, and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The Ministry of Agriculture supports the mandatory biodiesel program by conducting a study on the application of biodiesel for agricultural machinery, especially four-wheeled tractors. The research aims to determine the effect of biodiesel use on the performance of four-wheeled tractor agricultural machinery in several variations of the mixture, to obtain the composition of the biodiesel mixture that gave optimal engine performance, and to obtain information for decision making on the application of biodiesel in four-wheel tractor agricultural machines. The research was conducted by testing the performance of a four-wheeled tractor engine in the laboratory referring to SNI 7146-2019. Using biodiesel fuel with a mixture of variations from B10 to B100. The testing mechanism is by giving load gradually to the PTO dynamometer to obtain maximum power, specific fuel consumption, torque and, power transmission efficiency. a comparison of engine performance using biodiesel and bio solar, DEX is also carried out The result shows that biodiesel B20 produces the greatest value with a power transmission efficiency of 80.15%, maximum power of 23.55 kW, the torque of 44 kgf, specific fuel 250.54 gr /kW hour at the maximum governor. At PTO rotation 540 rpm with a power forward efficiency of 80.97%, maximum power 23.79 kW, a torque of 42 kgf, specific fuel 256.12 g / kW hour. Biodiesel B100 shows the lowest engine performance, with a power transmission efficiency of 76.12%, maximum power of 22.37 kW, a specific fuel consumption of 273.49 g / kW hour, a torque of 40 kgf at the maximum governor. At PTO rotation 540 rpm with a power transmission efficiency of 76.55%, maximum power of 22.49 kW, the specific fuel consumption of 272.37 g / kW hour, 40 kgf of torque. The performance of a tractor engine using bio solar is better than biodiesel.

Kata Kunci : biodiesel, mesin pertanian, traktor roda empat, kinerja mesin (performance)