Perilaku hidup sehat, intensitas enfeksi cacing usus dan status gizi siswa Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Indrajaya Kabupaten Pidie Nangroe Aceh Darussalam

EFENDI, Prof.Dr.dr. Soeyoko, DTM

2002 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Kerja

Kecacingan merupakan penyakit yang sangat erat hubungannya dengan masalah lingkungan kumuh atau sanitasi buruk dan perilaku hidup sehat. Dampak kecacingan adalah menurunnya keadaan gizi dan kemampuan kognitif yang dapat rnenurunkan kualitas hidup manusia. Siswa sekolah dasar adalah bagian dari masyarakat, yang dikemudian hari diharapkan dapat meneruskan perjuangan bangsa dan negara. Oleh karena itu perlu perhatian khusus terutama yang tinggal di perdesaan dengan status sosial ekonomi dan gizinya masih rendah. Selain status ekonomi, infeksi cacing usus juga dapat memperberat keadaan tersebut, dan ha1 ini terjadi di berbagai daerah perdesaan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara perilaku hidup sehat dan intensitas infeksi cacing usus dengan status gizi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian di Kecamatan lndra Jaya, Kabupaten Pidie, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. Subyek penelitian adalah 105 siswa sekolah dasar. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah perilaku hidup sehat yang diukur dengan mengunakan kuesioner, variabel antaranya adalah intensitas infeksi cacing usus yang diukur menggunakan metode Kato-katz, variabel terikat yang diteliti adalah status gizi yang diukur berdasarkan antropometri subyek penelitian, dan variabel penganggunya intake makanan yang diukur menggunakan metode recall . Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis koralasi Spearman dan Kendall untuk menguji hipotesisnya. Analisis statistik data menggunakan program SPSS 70.0 for Wndows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi infeksi cacing pada subyek penelitian sangat tinggi, yaitu Ascaris lumbricoides 8571 %, Trichuris trichiura sebesar 86,66%, dan cacing tambang 9,52%. Hasil pengukuran perilaku hidup sehat menunjukkan 89 subyek (94,28%) mempunyai perilaku hidup sehat yang buruk dan 16 subyek (5,72%) berperilaku hidup sehat yang baik. Hasil pengukuran status gizi berdasarkan antropometri menunjukkan 2 subyek (1,9%) berstatus gizi buruk, 4 subyek (3,8%) status gizi kurang, dan 99 subyek (94,3%) status gizinya normal. Ada hubungan negatif yang sangat bermakna antara perilaku hidup sehat dengan intensitas infeksi cacing usus. Semakin baik perilaku hidup sehat make semakin kecil intensitas infeksi cacing usus. Tidak ada hubungan antara intensitas infeksi cacing usus dengan status gizi siswa, narnun status gizi mempunyai hubungan positif yang bermakna dengan intake makanan. Semakin baik intake makanan, maka semakin baik status gizi siswa sekolah dasar di Kecamatan lndra Jaya, Kabupaten Pidie, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam.

Soil transmitted helminth is a disease that is strongly related with bad environmental problem or poor sanitation and unhealthy behavior. The effect of soil transmitted helminth is the decreasing nutrition and cognitive ability that may lower the human life quality. Elementary school children are parts of community whom in the future are expected to continue the nation. Therefore, they need special attention, especially those who live in the villages with low status of nutrition and social-economy. Besides the economic status, helminth infection may also worsen the condition. And this is what happens in many villages in Indonesia. This study was aimed at finding out the ' relationship between healthy life behavior and the intensity of helminth infection and the nutritional status. This was an observational study using cross-sectional approach. The location was in lndra Jaya, Pidie Regency, Nangroe Aceh Darussalam. The subjects were 105 elementary school children. The independent variable was healthy life behavior as measured with questionnaires. The intervening variable was the intensity of helminth infection as measured with Kato-Katz method. The dependent variable was the nutritional status as measured with the study subjects of anthropometry. The confounding variable was the food intake as measured with the recall method. The data analysis used descriptive analysis and Kendall and Spearman correlation to analyze the hypothesis. The statistical data analysis was done using SPSS 10.0 for Windows. The results showed that the prevalence for helminth infection among the subjects of study was high, i.e. Ascaris lumbricddes (85.71%); Trichuris trichiura (86.66%), and hook worm (9.52%). The measurement for healthy life behavior showed that 89 of the subjects (94.28%) had poor health behavior and 16 subjects (5.72%) had good health behavior. The measurement of nutritional status based on the anthropometry showed that 2 subjects (1.9%) had poor nutrition, 4 Subjects (3.8%) less nutritional status, and 89 subjects (94.3%) had normal nutritional stat&. There was significant positve relationship between healthy behavior and intensity of Ascaris lumbricoides infection. The lower their behavior, the higher the intensity of helminth infection. There was no relationship between the intensity of helminth infection and the nutritional status, but the nutritional status had significant positive relationship with food intake. The better the food intake, the better the nutritional status of the children in lndra Jaya subdistrict, Pidie Regency, Nangroe Aceh Darussalam.

Kata Kunci : Kesehatan Lingkungan, Infeksi Cacing Usus, Perilaku Sehat, healthy life, helminth infection, nutritional status