Perubahan Mobilitas Penduduk Kota Pontianak pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

HENINGTYAS PUTRI ABIYANTI, Dr. Ir. Dewanti, M.S.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNIK SIPIL

Pemerintah Indonesia melalui berbagai kebijakan berusaha untuk menekan penyebaran Covid-19, salah satunya dengan pembatasan sosial. Per Maret 2020, lewat Surat Edaran Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, seluruh institusi pendidikan dilarang menyelenggarakan kelas secara tatap muka. Edaran untuk melakukan kerja dari rumah pun diterapkan di berbagai sektor non esensial maupun esensial. Kebijakan untuk melakukan pembatasan penerbangan dan perjalanan jarak jauh lewat darat dan laut pun dilakukan. Dinamisnya kebijakan yang diterapkan selama setahun pandemi menyebabkan adanya perubahan mobilitas masyarakat di semester pertama dan kedua pandemi. Untuk melihat perubahan tersebut, dilakukan pengumpulan data lewat kuisioner daring dengan survei mencakup karakteristik sosial, ekonomi, dan demografi responden, maksud perjalanan, frekuensi, jarak, waktu, dan bagaimanan masyarakat menyikapi pandemi. Dalam kuisioner juga dicantumkan pertanyaan perubahan penggunaan transportasi aktif pada masyarakat selama pandemi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kota Pontianak dengan responden berjumlah 252 orang. Berdasarkan hasil uji Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, diketahui adanya perbedaan signifikan pada seluruh maksud perjalanan. Salah satunya adalah perjalanan dengan maksud pendidikan dan pekerjaan di mana terjadi peningkatan frekuensi perjalanan sebesar 22.6% bila dibandingkan antara semester pertama dan semester kedua pandemi. Peningkatan signifikan juga terjadi pada frekuensi masyarakat bepergian ke restoran dan kafe yang menyentuh angka 35.7%. Untuk perjalanan dengan maksud olahraga, tidak terjadi perubahan signifikan pada jarak dan waktu perjalanan yang ditempuh. Pada aspek transportasi aktif, diketahui tidak ada perubahan atau peningkatan di fase pertama dan kedua pandemi. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi mobilitas dianalisis dengan tabulasi silang dan didapatkan hasil yang variatif antara semester pertama dan kedua pandemi. Diketahui di antaranya adalah persepsi masyarakat terhadap pandemi tidak mempengaruhi mobilitas yang dilakukan.

The Indonesian government, through various policies, is trying to control the spread of the Covid-19. One of its policy is social restrictions. As of March 2020, through instruction from the Ministry of Education and Culture, all educational institutions are prohibited from holding face-to-face classes. Instruction to do work from home were also implemented in various non-essential and essential sectors. Policies to restrict flights and long-distance travel by land and sea were also carried out. The dynamics of the policies implemented during the year of the pandemic, led to changes in community mobility in the initial and current semester of pandemic. To see these changes, data were collected through online questionnaires with surveys covering the social, economic and demographic characteristics of respondents, travel purposes, frequency, distance, time, and how the community responded to the pandemic. The questionnaire also included questions about changes in the use of active transportation in the community during the pandemic. The research was conducted in Pontianak with 252 respondents. Based on the results of the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, it is known that there are significant changes in all travel purposes. One of them is travel with the purpose of education and work where there is an increase in the frequency of travel by 22.6% when compared between the initial semester and the current semester of the pandemic. A significant increase also occurred in the frequency of people traveling to restaurants and cafes which reached 35.7%. For travel with sport purpose, there is no significant change in the distance and travel time taken. In the aspect of active transportation, it is known that there were no changes or improvements between the initial and current pas of the pandemic. Factors affecting mobility were analyzed by cross tabulation. Varied results were obtained between the initial and the current semester of pandemic. Among other factors, the public's perception of the pandemic aspect does not affect society’s mobility.

Kata Kunci : Mobilitas, perilaku perjalanan, transportasi aktif, sosial ekonomi demografi