Persepsi dan Sikap Petani terhadap Pengendalian Hama Kutu Kapuk Kelapa (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae) di Kabupaten Kulon Progo

ARROYA SILMA RESTU S, Prof. Dr. Ir. F.X. Wagiman, S.U.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 PROTEKSI TANAMAN

Insiden eksplosi hama kutu kapuk pada kelapa rakyat tahun 2020 di Kabupaten Kulon Progo mengancam produksi nira yang merupakan sumber pendapatan andalan petani. Serangan hama telah terkendali namun belum jelas apakah karena upaya pengendalian yang telah dilakukan atau karena terjadi secara alami. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi, sikap, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi sikap, dan motivasi petani serta peran penyuluh terhadap upaya pengendalian eksplosi hama kutu kelapa. Penelitian dilangsungkan dari bulan November 2020 � Maret 2021 di Desa Kalirejo, Kecamatan Kokap, Kabupaten Kulonprogo. Wawancara terkait dengan tujuan penelitian dilakukan terhadap 30 responden. Responden diambil secara purposive dan snow ball sampling serta proporsional dengan populasi petani penyadap setiap dusun dari sembilan dusun. Data sekunder tentang curah hujan didapatkan dari Badan Penyuluh Pertanian Kecamatan Kokap, dan produksi gula semut dari CV. Menoreh Politan. Analisis regresi linier ganda dilakukan untuk menentukan signifikansi pengaruh berbagai faktor terhadap sikap petani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi mayoritas (70%) responden menyatakan bahwa eksplosi hama kutu kapuk kelapa terkendali oleh karena pengaruh curah hujan yang efektif mengendalikan hama tersebut. Sikap petani terhadap pengendalian hama kutu kapuk kelapa cukup baik; kognitif (60% petani) memahami hama kutu kapuk merusak pohon kelapa dan mengurangi signifikan produksi nira, afektif (50,21% petani) merasa tidak nyaman dan terganggu oleh adanya kutu kapuk perusak kelapa serta berharap hama segera terkendali, konatif (82% petani) berkomitmen tinggi untuk bekerjasama dengan sesama petani dan pihak lain dalam rangka mengatasi masalah hama kutu kapuk kelapa. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap sikap petani yakni umur (-), keterampilan menyadap (+), intensitas serangan (+), persepsi petani (+), motivasi petani (+) dan peran penyuluh (+). Motivasi petani cukup tinggi; existence (86,25% petani) berkeinginan untuk lebih aktif serta menerapkan pengendalian kutu kapuk yang baik, relatedness (80% petani) berkeinginan untuk lebih akrab dengan antar petani dan petugas penyuluh lapangan, dan growth (76% petani) berkeinginan untuk dapat mengembangkan wawasan dan menjadi petani yang lebih maju. Peran penyuluh sebagai innovator, motivator, dan organisator relatif kurang (64% petani).

The incident of coconut mealybug outbreks on smallholder coconut plantation in 2020 at Kulon Progo Regency threatened the production of coconut juice which is the main source of income for farmers. The pest attacks had been controlled but it was not clear whether due to control efforts that had been carried out or because it occurred naturally. This study aimed to determine the perceptions, attitudes, factors that influence the attitudes, and motivations of farmers and the role of extension workers in controlling the coconut mealybug outbreaks. The research was conducted from November 2020 � March 2021 in Kalirejo Subdistrict, Kokap District, Kulonprogo Regency. Interviews related to the research objectives were conducted to 30 respondents. Respondents were taken with methods of purposive and snow ball sampling and proportional to the population of tapping farmers of each villges out of nine villages. Secondary data on rainfall were obtained from the Agricultural Extension Agency of Kokap District, and the production of coconut sugar from CV. Menoreh Politan. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the significance of the influence of various factors on farmers' attitudes. The results showed that the perception of the majority (70%) of respondents stated that the coconut mealybug outbreaks were under controlled because of the effect of effective rainfall in controlling the pest. The attitude of farmers to the control of the coconut pest was quite good; cognitive (60% of farmers) understand that the mealybugs damage coconut trees and significantly reduce production of coconut juice, affective (50.21% of farmers) feel uncomfortable and disturbed by the presence of coconut mealybugs that destroying coconut and hope that the pest will soon be controlled, conative (82% of farmers) highly committed to cooperate with fellow farmers and other parties in order to overcome the problem of the coconut mealybug pest. Factors that have a significant effect on farmers' attitudes were age (-), tapping skills (+), attack intensity (+), farmer perceptions (+), farmer motivation (+) and the role of extension workers (+). Farmers' motivation is quite high; existence (86.25% farmers) wants to be more active and implement good control of mealybug infestation, relatedness (80% farmers) wants to be more familiar with farmers and field extension workers, and growth (76% farmers) wants to be able to develop insight and become better farmers. The role of extension workers as innovators, motivators, and organizers was relatively less (64% of farmers).

Kata Kunci : Kata kunci: Kutu kapuk kelapa, nira, pengendalian alami, persepsi, sikap