Dampak Eksplosi Kutu Kapuk Kelapa (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae) Terhadap Kerusakan Tanaman dan Produksi Nira di Kabupaten Kulon Progo

DIMAS PRAMUDYA, Prof. Dr. Ir. F. X. Wagiman, S.U.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 PROTEKSI TANAMAN

Insiden eksplosi kutu kapuk kelapa dalam musim kemarau 2020 di Kecamatan Kokap, Kabupaten Kulon Progo, mengancam produksi nira. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengungkap dampak eksplosi kutu kapuk terhadap kerusakan kelapa dan penurunan produksi nira serta mengetahui persepsi, sikap, motivasi petani, peran penyuluh terhadap pengelolaan hama tersebut. Penelitian berlangsung dalam musim hujan 2020/2021 dari bulan November 2020 - Juni 2021 di Desa Kalirejo. Tingkat keparahan kerusakan kelapa diukur dari pengamatan 30 pohon sampel yang diambil secara acak sistematis dengan metode transek di seluruh desa mewakili sembilan dusun. Wawancara mengenai dampak eksplosi hama terhadap kerusakan kelapa dan produksi nira, serta persepsi, sikap, motivasi petani dan peran penyuluh, dilakukan terhadap 30 responden. Responden diambil secara purposive dan snow ball sampling serta proporsional dengan populasi petani penyadap setiap dusun dari sembilan dusun, Data sekunder tentang populasi kelapa, produksi gula semut dan iklim diperoleh dari Balai Penyuluh Pertanian Kecamatan Kokap, Kelompok Usaha Bersama Tiwi Manunggal, dan CV. Menoreh Politan. Analisis regresi linier ganda dilakukan untuk menentukan signifikansi pengaruh berbagai faktor terhadap produksi nira. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksplosi kutu kapuk kelapa berdampak signifikan terhadap kerusakan kelapa; embun jelaga menutup permukaan atas daun, pelepah mudah terlepas, kisaran dan rerata persentase pohon terserang pada bibit, TBM dan TM berturut-turut 0-100% dan 57%, 0-100% dan 88%, TM 50-100% dan 96%. Intensitas serangan umumnya ringan - sedang dan beberapa pohon terserang berat. Eksplosi hama tersebut menurunkan signifikan produksi nira sebesar 39,5% dan produksi buah kelapa sebesar 67,1%. Sikap petani cukup baik; kognitif (75,28% responden) bahwa kutu kapuk kelapa pada kondisi eksplosi merusak kelapa dan mengurangi signifikan produksi nira, afektif (75,52% responden) kawatir terhadap gangguan hama kutu kapuk kelapa dan sangat berharap masalah segera teratasi baik secara alami maupun usaha manusia, konatif (78,33% responden) berkomitmen kuat untuk melakukan upaya pengendalian hama ini secara terpadu. Motivasi petani sangat tinggi untuk menjadi petani yang tangguh; existence (89,58% responden) ingin aktif berpartisipatif dalam kelompok petani nira, relatedness (84,38% reponden) ingin bekerjasama dengan para pihak terkait usaha nira, dan growth (77,50% responden) ingin maju, menambah wawasan dan ketrampilan serta kreatif dalam usaha nira khususnya mengatasi masalah kutu kapuk kelapa. Peran sebagai inovator, motivator, dan organisator dari PPL dan POPT relatif kurang (77,08% responden).

The incident of coconut mealybug explosion in the 2020 dry season in Kokap District, Kulon Progo Regency, threatens coconut juice production. The aim of the study was to reveal the impact of coconut mealybug explosion on coconut damage and reduction in coconut juice production and to determine the perceptions, attitudes, motivations of farmers, and the role of extension workers in managing this pest. The research took place in the 2020/2021 rainy season from November 2020 - June 2021 in Kalirejo Sub-district. The severity of coconut damage was measured from the observation of 30 sample trees taken at random systematically using the transect method in all villages representing nine villages. Interviews regarding the impact of pest explosions on coconut damage and coconut juice production, as well as perceptions, attitudes, motivations of farmers and the role of extension workers, were conducted on 30 respondents. Respondents were taken with methods of purposive and snow ball sampling and proportional to the population of tapping farmers in each of the nine villages. Secondary data on coconut populations, palm sugar production and climate were obtained from the Agricultural Extension Center of Kokap District, Tiwi Manunggal Joint Business Group, and CV. Menoreh Politan. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the significance of the influence of various factors on the production of coconut juice. The results showed that the coconut mealybug had a significant impact on coconut damage; sooty mould covered the upper surface of the leaves, the midrib was easily detached, the range and average percentage of infected trees on seedlings, immature coconut palm (ICP) and mature coconut palm (MCP) were 0-100% and 57%, 0-100% and 88%, TM 50-100% and 96%, respectively. The intensity of attack was generally light to moderate and some trees are severely affected. Explosion of this pest significantly reduced the coconut juice production by 39.5% and coconut fruit production by 67.1%. The attitude of the farmers was quite good; cognitive (75.28% of respondents) that coconut mealybug in explosive conditions damage coconuts and significantly reduce coconut juice production, affective (75.52% of respondents) were worried about coconut mealybug and really hope that the problem will be resolved soon, both naturally and by human effort, conative (78.33% of respondents) were strongly committed to carrying out efforts to control this pest in an integrated manner. The motivation of farmers was very high to become strong farmers; existence (89.58% of respondents) wants to actively participate in the farmer group, relatedness (84.38% of respondents) wants to cooperate with parties related to the coconut juice business, and growth (77.50% of respondents) wants to advance, add insight and skills and creative in the coconut juice business, especially in overcoming the problem of coconut mealybug. The roles as innovators, motivators, and organizers of extension workers were relatively less (77.08% of respondents).

Kata Kunci : Kutu kapuk kelapa, nira, sikap, motivasi, PPL, POPT.